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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 31: Nasal Sinus and Palate 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 31: Nasal Sinus and Palate 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are included within the bony nasal aperture

A

Nasal and incisive bones

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2
Q

What bones are included within the palatine fissure

A

Incisive and maxillae

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3
Q

What structures are contained within the ethmoid

A

Perpendicular plate
Ethmoid labyrinths
Cribiform plate

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4
Q

What foramen are located in the pterygopalatine fossa

A

maxillary foramen, sphenopalatine foramen, caudal palatine foramen

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5
Q

_____ is the region of the skull ventral to the orbit that acts as an important conduit in connecting many other regions of the head and neck

A

Pterygopalatine fossa

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6
Q

What artery and nerve give off all their branches in the pterygopalatine fossa

A

Maxillary artery and nerve

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7
Q

What does the infraorbital artery supply and what does it branch off of

A

Supplies nose and rostral face and branches off maxillary

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8
Q

What does the alveolar artery branch off of and what does it supply

A

Branch off maxillary artery and supplies maxillary teeth

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9
Q

What does the sphenopalatine artery branch off of and supply

A

Branch off maxillary and supplies the nasal cavity

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10
Q

In what species is the external nose called the nasal plate

A

Carnivores and small ruminants

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11
Q

In what species is the external nose called the nasolabial plate

A

Cattle

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12
Q

In what species is the external nose called the rostral plate

A

Pigs

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13
Q

In what species is the external nose kept moist due to overflow from nasal mucosa

A

Dogs

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14
Q

In what species is the external nose kept moist due to direct secretion from glands

A

Cattle and pig

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15
Q

What is the midline sulcus of the external nose called

A

Philtrum

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16
Q

What is the opening to the nasal cavity

A

Naris

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17
Q

What is the septal cartilage

A

Majority of the midline septum that divides the right and left nasal cavities

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18
Q

What is at the rostral end of the septal cartilage

A

Septal membrane

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19
Q

What are the four cartilages of the nose

A

Septal cartilage, dorsolateral cartilage, ventrolateral cartilage, accessory cartilage

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20
Q

What ligaments affix the nasal cartilages to the margin of the bony nasal aperture

A

Dorsal nasal ligament and lateral nasal ligament

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21
Q

What additional cartilage of the nose do horses have

A

Alar cartilage

22
Q

What two structures are contained within the alar cartilage

A

Alar fold and nasal diverticulum

23
Q

What is the alar fold

A

Raised fold of mucosa along the medial wall of the nares supported by the alar cartilages

24
Q

What is the nasal diverticulum

A

Blind pouch dorsal to alar fold

25
Q

When inserting a nasal tube what structures must you pass ventral to

A

Ventral to alar fold to ensure that it passes safely into nasal cavity and beyond

26
Q

What are nasal conchae

A

Thin, convoluted laminae of bone that protrude from the lateral nasal wall and serve greatly to increase the surface area of the nasal cavity

27
Q

What are the three nasal conchae

A

Ethmoidal conchae (ethmoturbinates), dorsal nasal conchae, and the ventral nasal conchae

28
Q

What nasal conchae is the alar fold located at the most rostral portion of

A

Ventral nasal conchae

29
Q

What are nasal meati

A

Subdivisions of the cavity defined by the presence of conchae

30
Q

What are the four nasal meati

A

Dorsal meatus, middle meatus, ventral meatus, and common meatus

31
Q

What is the vomeronasal organ

A

Specialized olfactory region near the rostral base of the nasal septum for detection of pheromones

32
Q

What structure cradles the vomeronasal organ

A

Vomeronasal cartilage- that extends caudally along the floor of the nasal cavity from the palatine fissure

33
Q

The vomeronasal duct is a diverticulum of the ___ which passes through the palatine fissure and is an open communication between the ____ and ___ cavities

A

Incisive duct, oral and nasal cavities

34
Q

What species does the incisive duct not open into the oral cavity

A

Horses

35
Q

What is the Lip curl (Flehmen) reaction

A

In response to stimulation of the vomeronasal organ by female pheromones many male animals will exhibit distinct facial reaction of curling upper lip

36
Q

What artery primarily supplies the nasal cavity of lateral nasal wall

A

Sphenopalatine artery

37
Q

What artery is the terminal branch at the rostral end of the maxillary artery

A

Descending palatine artery

38
Q

What two arteries does the descending palatine give off

A

Sphenopalatine artery and the major palatine artery

39
Q

What foramen does the sphenopalatine artery pass through to reach the nasal cavity

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

40
Q

Branches of what artery supply much of the lateral nasal wall, ventral and dorsal conchae and middle region of nasal septum

A

Branches of the sphenopalatine

41
Q

Branches of what artery pass through the ethmoidal foramina and cribiform plate to supply the caudal nasal septum, dorsal aspect of the nose and ethmoturbinates

A

Branches of the external ethmoidal artery

42
Q

What artery does the external ethmoidal artery branch off of

A

External ophthalmic artrey

43
Q

A branch of what artery supplies the rostral septum

A

A branch of the Major palatine artery

44
Q

What artery supplies blood to the external surface of the nose and has rostral branches that enter the nostrils and anastomose with the branches of the sphenopalatine artery that supply the ventral nasal conchae

A

Infraorbital artery

45
Q

What nerves innervates the nasal cavity

A

Olfactory (CN I), vomeronasal nerves, ethmoidal nerve (branch off V1), caudal nasal nerve and major palatine nerve

46
Q

What nerve has numerous olfactory filaments that carry chemosensory signals from the olfactory region of the nasal cavity through the cribiform plate to the cranial cavity

A

Olfactory nerve- CN I

47
Q

What does the ethmoidal nerve supply and what is it a branch of

A

Innervates the caudal nasal septum, dorsal aspect of the nose and ethmoturbinates (follows artery)

Branch of V1 (ophthalmic division of trigeminal)

48
Q

What two nerves branch off maxillary nerve (CN V2) and supply the nasal cavity

A

Caudal nasal nerve and major palatine nerve

49
Q

What does the major palatine nerve innervate

A

Rostral septum

50
Q

What does the caudal nasal nerve innervate

A

Follows sphenopalatine artery to innervate lateral nasal wall

51
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetics from the ____ ganglion will innervate the glands embedded in the nasal mucosa

A

Pterygopalatine

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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