Lecture 32

Question 1

Body of hyoid bone

Answer 1

at the union of neck and jaw

Question 2

Thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 2

between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

Question 3

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 3

typically larger in adult males

Question 4

Cricothyroid ligament

Answer 4

between the cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage

Question 5

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 5

below the thyroid cartilage and palpated easily when swallowing

Question 6

Cricotracheal ligament

Answer 6

between the cricoid cartilage and 1st tracheal ring

Question 7

Thyroid gland

Answer 7

isthmus and lobes cross the 2nd, 3rd, & 4th tracheal rings

Question 8

Suprasternal (jugular) notch

Answer 8

depression on the upper border of the sternal manubrium

Question 9

Three UNPAIRED larynx cartilages

Answer 9

• thyroid
• cricoid
• epiglottis

Question 10

Parts of thyroid cartilage

Answer 10

• hyaline cartilage
• lamina
• laryngeal prominence
• oblique line (thyrohyoid and sternothyroid attach here)
• superior/inferior horns

Question 11

Which larynx cartilage is the largest?

Answer 11

thyroid cartilage

Question 12

Which larynx cartilage is shaped like a signet ring?

Answer 12

cricoid cartilage

Question 13

Parts of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 13

• hyaline cartilage
• crus
• critothyroid joint
• Lamina (expand beyond portion of ring)

Question 14

What does the cricothyroid joint do, and what type of joint is it?

Answer 14

• changes pitch of voice

- pivot joint

Question 15

Which larynx cartilage is shaped like a leaf?

Answer 15

epiglottis

Question 16

Where is the epiglottis located?

Answer 16

behind and below the tongue

Question 17

What is the epiglottis composed of, and what does it do?

Answer 17

• fibroelastic cartilage

- when swallowing, covers entrance to larynx (superior laryngeal inlet) anteriorly

Question 18

Attachments of the epiglottis (5)

Answer 18

• aryepiglottic folds
• median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds
• lateral epiglottic folds
• hypoepiglottic ligament
• thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 19

Hypoepiglottic ligament

Answer 19

• attaches epiglottis to hyoid bone

- when swallowing, lifts hyoid, causing epiglottis to descend and cover glottis

Question 20

Thyroepiglottic ligament

Answer 20

attaches epiglottis to thyroid cartilage

Question 21

Three PAIRED larynx cartilages

Answer 21

• arytenoid
• corniculate
• cuneiform

Question 22

Arytenoid cartilage

Answer 22

• back of larynx
• shaped like a pyramid, kinda
• attaches with vocal ligament to vocal process
• attaches with muscles to muscular process

Question 23

Corniculate cartilage

Answer 23

articulates with the apices of the arytenoids

Question 24

Cuneiform cartilage

Answer 24

• found within aryepiglottic folds
• right cuneiform cartilage is uncovered
• left cuneiform cartilage covered by laryngeal mucosa

Question 25

Larynx cavity

Answer 25

from superior laryngeal inlet to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

Question 26

What makes up the superior laryngeal inlet?

Answer 26

- laryngeal folds | - arytenoid cartilages

Question 27

Larynx cavity: internal structures

Answer 27

- vestibular (false) folds (immobile) | - vocal (true) folds (mobile)

Question 28

Vestibular (false) folds

Answer 28

- upper portion of larynx - immobile - opening between folds is called rima vestibuli

Question 29

Vocal (true) folds

Answer 29

- below vestibular (false) folds - mobile - contain vocal ligaments - opening between folds is called rima glottidis

Question 30

Rima vestibuli

Answer 30

opening between vestibular (false) folds

Question 31

Rima glottidis

Answer 31

opening between vocal (true) folds

Question 32

Glottis

Answer 32

the combination of the true vocal folds and the open space between them

Question 33

Three parts of larynx

Answer 33

- Vestibule (most superior) - middle larynx - lower larynx (most inferior)

Question 34

Larynx - intrinsic muscles: laryngeal inlet control

Answer 34

- oblique arytenoid (narrows inlet) - aryepiglottic muscle (narrows inlet) - thyroepiglottic muscle (widens inlet)

Question 35

Larynx - intrinsic muscles: vocal fold movement control

Answer 35

- cricothyroid (largest; tenses folds) - thyroarytenoid (relaxes folds) - vocalis - lateral cricoarytenoid (adducts folds) - posterior cricoarytenoid (aBducts folds) - transverse arytenoid (adducts)

Question 36

What does the internal laryngeal nerve supply sensation to in the larynx?

Answer 36

the mucous membrane above the vocal folds (superior 1/2)

Question 37

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply sensation to in the larynx?

Answer 37

the mucous membrane below the vocal folds (inferior 1/2)

Question 38

What does the external laryngeal nerve give motor supply to?

Answer 38

cricothyroid

Question 39

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve give motor supply to?

Answer 39

all laryngeal intrinsic muscle, except cricothyroid

Question 40

Dysphonia

Answer 40

- no recurrent laryngeal nerve supply - constant high pitch - only muscle working is cricothyroid, thus vocal cords are only being tensed