Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

a_anatomy > Lecture 34 - Ears > Flashcards

Lecture 34 - Ears Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the ear?

A

Inner - Middle - Outer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the inner ear within?

A

Temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the middle ear within?

A

Petrous and tympanic portions of the temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the bony labyrinth of the inner ear filled with?

A

Perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is suspended in the perilymph?

A

Membranous labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth filled with?

A

Endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Besides endolymph what else is within the membranous labyrinth?

A

Organs that transduce movement into neuronal signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two sections of the membranous labyrinth?

A

Vestibule and cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is within the vestibule?

A

Contains all organs of balance and orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What innervates the vestibule?

A

Vestibular branch of CN VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is within the cochlea?

A

Contains the organ of hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What innervates the cochlea?

A

Cochlear branch of CN VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of hair cells in the inner ear?

A

Kinocilium
– and –
Stereocilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the kinocilium?

A

Tallest single projecting out of apex of hair cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the stereocilia?

A

Array of progressively shorter projections lined up next to the kinocilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens when the stereocilia toward the kinocilium?

A

Increase the firing rate of the sensory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens if the stereocilia bend away from the kinocilium?

A

Decrease the firing rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two portions of the of vestibule?

A

Utricle and saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are maculae?

A

Sheets of hair cells stimulated by linear accleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are horizontal macula?

A

Utricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are vertical macula?

A

Saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are cristae?

A

Crests of hair cells stimulated by fluid flow around semicircular ducts in response to rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are crista?

A

Located in the ampulla at the end of the three semicircular ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What stimulates the spiral organ?

A

Sound waves transmitted from the surrounding perilymph into the endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What decides where the sound is transferred from perilymph to endolymph?
Frequency
26
What is different about hearing in fish?
Sound waves pass through the body of the fish due to being about the same density of water - only need internal structures
27
What is different about hearing in air?
Waves lose energy in transfer from air to ear fluids needs to be amplified?
28
What amplifies sound on land?
Tympanic membrane
29
What are the three parts of the middle ear?
Tympanic membrane - Ear ossicles - Oval window
30
What is the function of the middle ear?
Transmit sound vibrations from lateral external ear to medial inner ear
31
What are the three ear bones?
Stapes - Incus - Malleus
32
What does the stapes articulate with?
The oval window
33
What does the stapes do?
Causes the vibrations in the perilymph of the inner ear
34
What does the malleus articulate with?
Fixed to the tympanic membrane
35
What does the malleus do?
Passes vibrations from the external ear to the inner ear
36
What are the two muscles that interact with the ossicles?
Tensor tympani | Stapedius
37
What nerve innervates the tensor tympani?
Mandibular nerve CN V3
38
What nerve innervates the Stapedius?
Facial nerve CN VII
39
What is the function of the muscles in the ossicles?
Act to clarify hearing and protect from excessively loud noises
40
Where is the tensor tympani?
Comes from the anterior wall of the middle ear and inserts onto the body of the malleus
41
Where is the stapedius?
Comes from the posterior wall and inserts on the head of the stapes
42
What nerve does the sensory from the mucosa lining of the middle ear come from?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
43
What nerve carries preganglionic PNS axons from CN IX to the otic ganglion?
Minor pterosal nerve
44
What is carried on the major petrosal nerve?
Preganglionic PNS axons from CN VII to the pterygopalatine ganglion
45
What is the chorda tympani a branch of?
Facial nerve
46
What nerve crosses the tympanic membrane?
Chorda tympani
47
What nerve does the chorda tympani hitchhike on?
Lingual
48
What maximizes the function of the tympanic membrane?
Pressure on both sides must be equal
49
What does the auditory tube connect?
Middle ear to the nasopharynx
50
What is the normal state of the auditory tube?
Closed
51
What is the function of the auditory tube?
To equalize pressure
52
What muscles open the auditory tube?
Tensor and levator veli palatini
53
What is the guttural pouch?
In horses, section of mucosal lining the auditory tube pushes out
54
What is inside the guttural pouch?
Nothing
55
What structures lay within the same region as the guttural pouch?
``` Stylohyoid External carotid artery Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagosympathetic trunk Hypoglossal nerve ```
56
What happens when there is facture of the stylohyoid?
Difficulty moving the tongue
57
What happens where there is a lesion of the vagus or glossopharyngeal nerves?
Difficulty swallowing or laryngeal hemiplegia
58
What can lead to horner syndrome?
Lesion of the sympathetic chain
59
What is otitis media?
Infection of the middle ear
60
What becomes sensitive on cats with otitis media?
Tympanic bulla
61
What surgical method can be used with severe ear infections?
Drained via opening tympanic bulla rostromedially into the nasopharynx
62
What is the function of the Auricle?
Funnel and focus sound in the external auditory canal
63
What is the anatomical postion of the ears?
Erect alert
64
What are the two canals of the external ear?
Vertical and horizontal
65
What special structure is in the skin of the external ear?
Ceruminous glands
66
What is the function of the ceruminous glands?
Keeps canal clean and free of particles that might interfere with sensitive tympanic membrane
67
What makes up the structural part of the external ear?
Auricular cartilage
68
What is the secondary piece of cartilage of the external ear?
Scutiform cartilage
69
What grouping are the auricular muscles a part of?
Muscles of facial expression
70
What provides blood to the rostral, concave portion of the external ear?
Rostral auricular a.
71
What artery does the rostral auricular a. come off of?
Superficial temporal a.
72
What does the caudal auricular artery come off of?
External carotid
73
What are the branches off the caudal auricular?
Medial - Lateral - Intermediate - Deep
74
What does the caudal aurcular a. provide blood to?
Caudal surface of the ear
75
What provides sensory to the ear?
Ventral and dorsal rami of C2
76
What does the Ventral rami of C2 provide sensory to?
Lateral side of caudal ear
77
What nerve comes off the ventral rami of C2?
Great auricular nerve
78
What nerve comes off the dorsal rami of C2?
Great occipital n.
79
What does the greater occipital n. provide sensory to?
Medial, caudal portion of the ear
80
What does the auriculotemporal n. provide sensory for?
Rostral portion of the ear and a lot of the lower jaw and lateral face
81
What is the auriculotemporal n. a branch of?
Trigeminal - CN V3 (mandibular)
82
What does the vagus nerve provide sensory for?
Rostral portion of ear medial region
83
What is the path of the vagal nerve in regards to ear sensory?
Hitchhikes on facial nerve in the petrous portion of the temporal bone
84
What are the functions of the ear?
Balance and orientation | Hearing

a_anatomy (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions