Lecture 6 - Antebrachium and carpus

Question 1

What basc joints are in the antebrachium-carpal region?

Answer 1

Radio-carpal, intercarpal, carpo-metacarpal joints

Question 2

What are the major bones in the antebrachium?

Answer 2

Radius, ulna, and carpals

Question 3

What are the compartments in the antebrachium?

Answer 3

Caudal and craino-ventral

Question 4

What artery supplies the caudal compartment?

Answer 4

median a., ulnar a., and radial a.

Question 5

What nerve supplies the caudal compartment?

Answer 5

Median and ulnar n.

Question 6

What action is the caudal compartment responsible for?

Answer 6

Flexion of carpus and digits

Question 7

What artery supplies the craino-ventral compartment?

Answer 7

Superficial brachial a.

Question 8

What nerve supplies the craino-ventral compartment?

Answer 8

Radial n.

Question 9

What action is the craino-ventral compartment responsible for?

Answer 9

Extension of carpus and digits

Question 10

What are the two rows of carpals?

Answer 10

Proximal and distal

Question 11

What are the proximal carpals?

Answer 11

radial, intermediate, ulnar, and accessory

Question 12

What occurs in the proximal carpals of dogs?

Answer 12

radial and intermediate fuse

Question 13

What are the basic characteristics of the accessory carpal?

Answer 13

Projects behind the carpus, projects behind the carpus

Question 14

What are the carpals in the distal row?

Answer 14

1-5

Question 15

What occurs in the distal carpals of ungulates?

Answer 15

second and third fuse

Question 16

What occurs with the first carpal?

Answer 16

often lacking

Question 17

What happens with the fifth bone?

Answer 17

Never a separate bone - either suppressed or fused with the fourth

Question 18

What shares a joint capsule with the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 18

Antebrachiocarpal joint

Question 19

What shares a joint capsule with the midcarpal joint?

Answer 19

Carpometacarpal

Question 20

Where are the intercarpal joints?

Answer 20

between individual carpal bones

Question 21

How does the carpal act in carnivores?

Answer 21

Acts as ginglymus

Question 22

What is ginglymus?

Answer 22

hinge with lateral movement

Question 23

What is the most mobile joint in the carpus of a carnivore?

Answer 23

antebrachiocarpal joint

Question 24

How does the carpal joint act in an ungulate?

Answer 24

As a hinge - some oblique movements

Question 25

What are the degrees of movement in the seperate joints of the carpus?

Answer 25

Antebrach. - very mobile (90 degrees) Midcarpal - somewhat mobile (45 degrees) Carpomet. - no movement

Question 26

What ligaments occur in the carpus?

Answer 26

dorsal carpus | palmar carpus

Question 27

What do the dorsal short ligaments do?

Answer 27

Join neighboring bones in each row, to the metacarpus

Question 28

What animal has well-developed medial and lateral collateral ligaments in their carpal joints?

Answer 28

Ungulates

Question 29

What ligaments occur in the palmar carpus?

Answer 29

Deep palmar, superficial/transverse, and distal ligaments of accessory bone

Question 30

What is the positioning the the deep palmar ligaments?

Answer 30

covers entire palmar surface of skeleton, hides unevenness of the bones

Question 31

What do superficial and transverse ligaments contribute to?

Answer 31

carpal canal

Question 32

What is the purpose of the carpal canal?

Answer 32

conveys the flexor tendons and other structures continuing into foot from antebrachium

Question 33

What is the path of the superficial/transverse ligament?

Answer 33

Passes obliquely accessory carpal bone to medial aspect of carpus

Question 34

What do the distal ligaments of the accessory bone do?

Answer 34

Assist in preventing overextension, doesn't interfere with flexion

Question 35

What is the path of the distal ligament of accessory bone?

Answer 35

Join bone to the adjacent carpal and metacarpal bones

Question 36

What muscles does the radial nerve innervate?

Answer 36

All carpal and digital extensors, including ulnaris lateralis

Question 37

What is the path in the dog of the radial n.?

Answer 37

Cutaneous branch descends over craniolateral aspect of antebrachium and carpus, reaches dorsal surface of digits

Question 38

What is the radial nerve in the horse subsituted by in the foot?

Answer 38

Musculocutaneous n.

Question 39

What muscles does the median n. innervate?

Answer 39

most of the flexor muscles of carpus and digits

Question 40

Where does the median n. enter the forearm?

Answer 40

Medial collateral ligament of elbow joint

Question 41

What does the median n. travel deep too?

Answer 41

flexor carpi radialis

Question 42

What muscles do the ulnar n. innervate?

Answer 42

flexor carpi ulnaris, part of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 43

What is different about the horse ulnar n.?

Answer 43

does not unit with median nerve in brachiumq

Question 44

When does the ulnar n. break off from the median n. in dogs?

Answer 44

olecranon

Question 45

What branches off the ulnar n. in the brachium?

Answer 45

cutaneous antebrachial n.

Question 46

What muscles do the musculocutaneous n. innervate?

Answer 46

none in the antebrachium or the carpus

Question 47

What does the musculocutaneous n. do in the antebrachium?

Answer 47

medial cutaneous antebrachial n. innervates medial aspect

Question 48

What does the cutaneous branch of the musculocutaneous muscle do?

Answer 48

continues past the carpus and to the metacarpophalangeal jt.

Question 49

What is the main blood supply in the antebrachium (4 arteries)?

Answer 49

common interosseous a., median a, ulnar a., and radial a.

Question 50

What branches off the median a.?

Answer 50

radial a. and deep antebrachial a.

Question 51

What is the positioning of the cephalic v. in the forelimb?

Answer 51

follows cranial border of the forearm, lies on the extensor carpi radialis

Question 52

What is the general origin of the craniolateral muscle group?

Answer 52

Lateral epicondyle

Question 53

What are the extensor muscles (name wise) of the craniolateral muscle group?

Answer 53

E. carpi radialis E. digitorum communis E. digitorum lateralis E. digiti I

Question 54

What are the other muscles (not the extensors) of the craniolateral group?

Answer 54

Brachioradialis Supinator Ulnaris lateralis Abductor digiti I longus

Question 55

What small muscle of the forearm is hard to find in dogs but is present in cats?

Answer 55

Brachioradialis

Question 56

What flexors (name wise) are present in the caudal group of muscles?

Answer 56

F. carpi radialis F. carpi ulnaris F. digitorum profundus F. digitorum superficialis

Question 57

What are the pronators of the caudal group of forearm muscles?

Answer 57

P. teres | P. quadratus

Question 58

Where is the general origin point of the caudal group of muscles?

Answer 58

medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 59

Where do the extensor group occupy?

Answer 59

craniolateral part of the antebrachium

Question 60

What is the horse version of the abductor digitorium I longus?

Answer 60

Extensor carpi obliquus

Question 61

What muscle aid in the horse's ability to stand for long periods of time?

Answer 61

Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis