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Pharmacology II > Lecture 35: Anti-Protozoa Agents > Flashcards

Lecture 35: Anti-Protozoa Agents Flashcards

1
Q

what are two reportable Protozoa diseases in Arizona

A

Babesiosis, Leishmaniasis

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2
Q

Giardia interferes with the absorption in the lumen of the ___

A

SI

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3
Q

Giardia infects who

A

Dogs, cats, horses, cattle

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4
Q

T or F: Giardia is zoonotic

A

True

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5
Q

What drug is used to tx Giardia in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle

A

Benzimidazoles

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6
Q

What drugs are used to tx Giardia in dogs, cats, and horses

A

Nitroimidazoles

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7
Q

What is the PD of benzimidazoles

A

Inhibit micro tubule formation

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8
Q

Benzimidazoles kill __ and not ___ of giardia

A

Trophozoites, cysts

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9
Q

What Benzimidazoles tx Giardia in dogs and cats

A

Febantel

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10
Q

What Benzimidazoles tx Giardia in dogs and cattle

A

Albendazole

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11
Q

What Benzimidazoles tx Giardia in dogs, cats, horses and cattle (calves)

A

Fenbendazole

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12
Q

Giardia rarely causes clinical manifestation in __

A

Horses

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13
Q

T or F: nitroamidazoles is drug of choice to tx Giardia in food producing animals

A

False- banned

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14
Q

Why are nitroimidazoles banned in food producing animals

A

Mutagenic/carcinogenic potential

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15
Q

What nitroimidazoles is used to tx Giardia in dogs, cats and horses

A

Metronidazole and tinidazole

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16
Q

Ronidazole is used to tx ___in dogs

A

Giardia

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17
Q

What is PD of nitroimidazoles

A

Prodrugs producing cytotoxic metabolites

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18
Q

Which nitroimidazole has extensive distribution, including brain and bone

A

Metronidazole

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19
Q

Nitroimidazoles metabolized via

A

Liver

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20
Q

What causes trichomoniasis

A

Tritrichomonas foetis

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21
Q

What does T. Foetis cause in cats

A

Large bowel diarrhea

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22
Q

What is the drug of choice to tx T. Foetis in cats

A

Ronidazole

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23
Q

T. Foetis in cattle is transmitted via ___

A

Sex

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24
Q

What is tx for T. Foetis in cattle

A

Bulls persistently infected so typically cull

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25
Babesia is transmitted via __
Ticks
26
What is the mainline action against Babesia
Tick prevention
27
What does Babesia infect
RBC
28
What are some signs of babesiosis
Anemia, splenomegaly, depression and anorexia
29
What is the tx for Babesia caballi in horses
Imidocarb dipropionate
30
What is tx for Thelieria/Babesia equi
Chlortetracycline
31
What is the Pd for imidocarb disproportionate
DNA denaturing agent
32
What are some adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate
Injection site pain/inflammation, cholinergic signs (bradycardia, colic, etc), renal tubular and hepatic necrosis
33
What is the tx for Babesia in dogs
Azithromycin and atovaquone (hydroxyquinolone)
34
T or F: cows infected with B. bigemina (Texas fever) is reportable
True
35
What is the PD of atovaquone
Electron transport chain inhibitor
36
Absorption of atovaquone is doubled when oral administration is accompanied by ___
Fatty meal
37
What is the cause of equine protozoan myeloencephalitis
S. Neurona, N. Hughesi
38
What is the most common sign of EPM
Asymmetric ataxia
39
What are the drugs used to tx EPM
1. Ponazuril 2. Diclazuril
40
T or F: drugs to tx EPM only 60% effective and patients tend to relapse
True
41
Ponazuril and diclazuril are ___derivatives
Thiazine
42
What is the PD for Ponazuril and diclazuril
Interfere with apicoplast function which is needed for fatty acid synthesis, amino acid storage, and starch storage (“liver or Protozoa”)
43
Ponazuril bioavailability can be enhanced following oral administration when dissolved in ___
DMSO
44
What are some adverse effects of Ponazuril
Blisters on nose and mouth, rash, diarrhea, colic, seizures
45
hepatozoon americanum infects __ and ___
Dogs and coyotes
46
How do dogs become infected with Heptazoon americanum
Ingest infective locusts of ambylomma maculatum
47
What are some signs of hepatozoonosis
Severe neutrophil lymphocytosis, marked joint pain associated with myosin is and periosteal proliferation
48
What is important to prevent hepatozoonosis
Tick prevention
49
What drugs are used to tx hepatozoonosis
1. Sulfazadine-trimethoprim +clindamycin +pyrimethamine 2. Imidocarb dipropionate 2. Decoquinate
50
Which drug used to tx hepatozoonosis when used as a stand alone drug prolongs remission following tx
Decoquinate
51
Decoquinate is a __inhibitor that acts on ___
Electron transport inhibitor that acts on schizont/infective stage
52
What are some signs of T. Gondii in cats
Health adult cats: diarrhea Kittens and immunosupressed: fatal extra-intestinal/ disseminated toxoplasmosis, depression, anorexia, fever, hypothermia, icterus, dyspnea, ascites
53
What is tx for T. Gondii
1. Sulfadiazine-trimethoprim 2. Clindamycin
54
What does T. Gondii cause in humans
Abortion, mental retardation, hydrocephalus, ocular pathologies
55
What species causes coccidiosis in ruminants and gallincaeous birds
Emeria
56
What species causes coccidosis in dogs, cats, and pigs
Isospora
57
What are some signs of coccidosis
Diarrhea +/- blood, anemia, dehydration, poor production, fatal in young animals
58
Which coccidosis is self limiting vs not: eimeria vs isospora
Eimera self limiting, isospora not
59
How do you prevent coccidosis
Sanitation- most important Keep food separate from housing Don’t feed raw meat
60
What drugs tx coccidosis in all species
Amprolium
61
What is PD of amprolium
Competes with thiamine (Vit B1) metabolism in parasites
62
What are some adverse effects of amprolium
Thiamine deficiency, depression, anorexia, diarrhea, neurological signs
63
What drug is used to tx coccidosis in birds only
Robenidine
64
What is PD of robenidine
Competes with guanine metabolism in parasites

Pharmacology II (36 decks)

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