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Biological Foundations > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

The CNS is composed of?

A

Brain

Spinal Cord

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2
Q

The PNS does what?

A

Connects brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

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3
Q

what controls volutary muslces and conveys sensory information to the CNS?

A

Somatic Nervous System

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4
Q

What controls the heart, intestines, and other organs?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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5
Q

The spinal cord communicates with what?

A

Sensory organs

Muslces

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6
Q

Information enter what carry sensory information?

A

Dorsal Roots

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7
Q

Information exiting what carry motor information?

A

Ventral Roots

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8
Q

Where are cell bodies located?

A

In clusters of neurons outside spinal cord-Dorsal Root Ganglia

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9
Q

The spinal cord contains what?

A

White Matter

Gray Matter

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10
Q

The gray matter is made up of what?

A

Cell bodies and dendrites

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11
Q

White matter is made up of?

A

Myelinated axons

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12
Q

What is the function of white matter?

A

Carry information from gray matter to brain or other areas of cord.

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13
Q

The spinal cord does what?

A

Sends sensory information to brain and recieves motor commands.

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14
Q

The hindbrain consists of what?

A

Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum

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15
Q

The hindbrain is located where?

A

Posterior portion of brain

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16
Q

The human brainstem consists of what?

A

Hindbrain
Midbrain
Other central structures of the brain

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17
Q

What is located just above spinal cord?

A

Medulla

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18
Q

What is the responsibility of the medulla?

A

Vital functions: breathing HR, vomiting, salivation, coughing, sneezing.

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19
Q

What allows medulla to control sensations from the head, muscle movements in head and parasympathetic outputs?

A

Cranial Nerves

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20
Q

The hindbrain lies where?

A

On each side of the medulla

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21
Q

Axons from each half of the brain cross where?

A

To opposite side of cord

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22
Q

The L hemisphere control what?

A

Muslces of R side of body

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23
Q

The R hemisphere controls what?

A

L side of body

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24
Q

What is the structure located in hindbrain with many deep folds?

A

Cerebellum

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25
The cerebellum does what?
Regulate motor movement, balance, coordination
26
The cerebellum is important for wht?
Shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli
27
The midbrain contains what?
Tectum Tegmentum Substania Nigra
28
What is the roof of the midbrain?
Tectum
29
What is the function of the superior and inferior colliculus?
Process sensory information
30
What contains nuclei for cranial nerves and part of the reticular formation?
Tegmentum
31
What gives rise to the dopamine containing pathway facilitating readiness for movement?
Substantia Nigra
32
The forebrain is found where?
Most anterior and prominent part of brain with 2 cerebral hemisphere
33
What is the outer protaion of the forebrain?
Cerebral Cortex and subcortical regions
34
Each side of the cerebral cortex does what?
Receives sensory information and controls motor movement from opposite side of the body
35
The forebrain also includes what?
Diencephalon | Telencephalon
36
The diencephalon contains what?
Thalamus | Hypothalamus
37
The telencephalon contains what?
Limbic system Basal ganglia Cerebral Cortex
38
What is the relay station from sensory organs?
Thalamus
39
What is the main source of input to cortex?
Thalamus
40
What conveys messages to the pituitary gland to alter the release of hormones?
Hypothalamus
41
What is associated with behaviors such as eating, drinking, sexual behaviors, and other motivated behaviors?
Hypothalamus
42
What consists of interlinked structures that form a border around the brainstem?
Limbic System
43
The limbic system contains what?
``` Olfactory bulb Hypothalamus Thalamus Hippocampus Amygdala Cingulate Gyrus of cerebral cortex ```
44
The basal ganglia consists of what?
Globus Pallidus Caudate Nucleus Putamen
45
The basal ganglia contains the subcortical nuclei that controls what?
Motor behaviors Emotional expression Memory Reasoning
46
The basal forebrain is composed of what?
Several structures that lie on dorsal surface of forebrain
47
The basal forebrain contain what?
Nucleus Basalis
48
The nucleus basalis receives input from what?
Hypothalamus | Basal Ganglia
49
The basal forebrain is important for what?
Arousal Wakefulness Attention
50
What are four fluid filled cavities within the brain's central canal containing CSF?
Ventricles
51
What is the clear fluid found in the brain and cord
CSF
52
CSF provies what?
Cushion for brain
53
The CSF is a reservior of what?
Hormones and Nutruiton for brain and cord
54
What is the most prominent part of brain?
Cerebral Cortex
55
The cerebral cortex is joined by what?
Corpus Callosum and anterior commissure
56
The cerebral cortex contains what?
Six laminae layers that are parallel to surface of cortex
57
Cells of the cortex are dived into columns and found where?
Lying perpendicular to laminae
58
What is a gyrus?
Bump
59
What is a sulcus?
Groove
60
What is a fissure?
Very big groove
61
What are the lobes of cerebral cortex?
Parietal Occipital Temporal Frontal
62
What is located at posterior end of cortex?
Occipital lobe
63
The occipital lobe is known as what?
Primary Visual Cortex (damage-cortical blindness)
64
The parietal lobe contains what?
Post central gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex)
65
What is the function of parietal lobe?
Target for touch sensations and info from muscle-stretch receptors and joint receptors.
66
What does the parietal lobe do?
Process and integrate information about eye, head, body position and information sent from muscles and joints.
67
The parietal lobe is essential for what?
Spatial information | Numerical information
68
The temporal lobe is located where?
Lateral portion of each hemisphere near temples.
69
The temporal lobe is target for what?
Auditory Informaiton
70
The temporal lobe is essential for what?
Processing spoken langugage
71
The temporal lobe is responsible for what
Complex aspects of vision, including movement and emotional and motivational behaviors
72
The frontal lobe contains what?
Prefrontal cortex | Precentral Gyrus
73
What is also known as the primary motor cortex and is responsible for control fo fine motor movement?
Precentral Gyrus
74
What is the integration central for all sensory information and other areas of the cortex?
Prefrontal Cortex
75
The prefrontal cortex is responsible for what?
Higher functions | Ability to remember recent events/information
76
People with damage to prefrontal cortex exhibit what?
Delayed response task
77
What is surgical disconnection fo prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain?
Prefrontal Lobotomy
78
Who typically gets a prefrontal lobotomy
Schizophrenia patients
79
What happens to patients with a prefrontal lobotomy?
apathy lack of ability to plan memory disorders lack of emotional expression
80
What refers to how the visual, auditory, and other areas of the brain produce a perception of a single object?
Binding Problem
81
What are the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord?
Meninges
82
What is the thickest outer most layer of meninges?
Dura Mater
83
What is the middle meninge layer thats fibrous and in the subarachnoid space?
Arachnoid
84
What is the inner layer of meninge that is thin?
Pia Mater
85
What are the 2 divisions of the ANS?
Sympathetic | Parasympathetic
86
The somatic nervous system is made of what?
Spinal nerves and crainial nerves
87
The SNS provides what to the CNS?
Sensory Information | Voluntary Motor
88
The ANS send and recieves messages to do what?
Regulate automatic behaviors of body (HR, BP, Respiration, Digestion)
89
What system prepares the body for action and expends energy?
Sympathetic NS
90
What system prepares the body for rest and rejuvination and stores energy?
Parasymptathetic NS
91
What is the primary neurotransmitter for the sympathetic NS?
Norepinepherine

Biological Foundations (5 decks)

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