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lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is cognitive dissonance

A

we feel tension (dissonance) whenever we hold two thoughts or beliefs (cognition) that are incompatible or when when our attitudes and behaviors dont match

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2
Q

people are more likely to change what about their attitude or behavior

A

people are more likely to change their attitude to fit behavior than to change behavior to fit their attitude

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3
Q

what is attitude

A

our evaluation on a scale from + to - of other people, events, etc formed by our past and present experiences. they can be measured and can change

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4
Q

what are the three components of attitude

A

cognition: thoughts and beliefs
affect: feelings
behavior: our response

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5
Q

what is the ocean model

A
  1. openness to experience
  2. conscientiousness
  3. extraversion
  4. agreeableness
  5. neuroticism
    domain of human behavior
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6
Q

high and low of openness to experience

A

high: embraces new ideas, experiences
low: prefers familiarity over novelty, resistant to change

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7
Q

high and low of conscientiousness

A

high: values competence and order, manages time well
low: disorganized, irresponsible

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8
Q

high and low of extraversion

A

high: outgoing, talkative
low: loner

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9
Q

high and low to agreeableness

A

high: thinks of others, goes with flow
low: high maintenance

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10
Q

high and low to neurtisicm

A

high: bad emotions can be impulsive
low: experiences more good emotions and copes well with stress

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11
Q

what is myer briggs type indicator

A

personality assessment questionnaire, popular in corporate world

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12
Q

what is personality

A

our thoughts, feelings, ways of thinking about things, beliefs

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13
Q

perspective on personality: bio perspective

A

emphasis the internal physiological and genetic factors that influence personality

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14
Q

perspective on personality: trait perspective

A

people differ from one another based on the strength and intensity of basic trait dimensions

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15
Q

perspective on personality: life course perspective

A

a critical period in you life based on stress, trauma can affect personality

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16
Q

perspective on personality: psychoanalytic perspective

A

Freud focuses on the unconscious mind rather than your conscious. result of unconscious conflicts that stem from childhood

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17
Q

perspective on personality: humanist perspective

A

looking at someone as a whole, rather than looking at the small parts. IDEAL SELF= HAPPY

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18
Q

perspective on personality: behaviorist perspective

A

conditioning; emphasizes observable behavior and external simulation in environment. (reward/punishment)

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19
Q

perspective on personality: social cognitive

A

learning that occurs within a social context

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20
Q

libido or life drive

A

drives behavior focused on pleasure, survival, and avoidance of pain

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21
Q

death drive

A

drives dangerous or destructive behaviors and underlies the desire to hurt others . angel is super ego, Id= is devil (pleasure) and self is ego

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22
Q

what is Id

A

unconscious, seeks pleasure

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23
Q

what is ego

A

logical thinking with reality

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24
Q

what is super ego

A

strives for perfection

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25
what are the stages of Freud stages of development
1. oral 2. anal 3. phallic 4. latency 5. genital OLD AGED PRISONERS LOVE GRAPES
26
oral is what age and what erogenous zone
age of birth to 2 years old and zone is mouth
27
anal is what age and what erogenous zone
age of 2 to 3 years old and zone is anus
28
phallic is what age and what erogenous zone
age of 3 to 5 years old and zone is genitals
29
latency is what age and what erogenous zone
age of 5 to puberty and zone is None
30
genital is what age and what erogenous zone
puberty to adulthood and zone is potential sexual partners
31
what are erik eriksons stages of development
1. trust vs mistrust 2. autonomy vs shame 3. initiative vs guilt 4. industry vs inferiority 5. identity vs role confusion 6. intimacy vs isolation 7. generativity vs stagnation 8. integrity vs despair MY SEXY GIRL IN RED IS SUCKING DICK
32
trust vs mistrust what age and what outcome
age: infancy trust: needs met mistrust: needs not meet
33
autonomy vs shame is what age and what outcome
age: early childhood auto: self control shame: stay dependent
34
initiative vs guilt what age and what outcome
age: preschool ini: achieve purpose guilt: stuck on fails
35
industry vs inferiority what age and what outcome
age: school indust: gain competence infer: incompetent
36
identity vs role confusion what age and what outcome
age: teens iD: sense of self role con: lacks ID
37
intimacy vs isolation what age and what outcome
age: young adult intimacy: mature relationships isolation: unable to make relationships
38
generativity vs stagnation what age and what outcome
age: middle age gener: contribute to society stag: life is meaningless
39
integrity vs despair what age and what outcome
age: late age integrity: wisdom despair: unaccomplished
40
what stages are equivalent in eriks stages to Freud
first 5 are equivalent to freuds 5
41
humanist perspective
humans are driven by actualizing tendency to realize their highest potential and personality conflicts arise when this is somehow thwarted HUMANS ARE AWESOME
42
who is dude for humanist perspective
carl rogers
43
self concept
main goal of dvelopment
44
self actualization
more accomplished if parents show unconditional love. those who gave conditional love only feel self actualization in certain conditions
45
congruence
your self concept is aligned with your concept of you self actualized self
46
behaviorist perspective
personality is a result of learned behavior patterns based on your environment
47
who is dude for behaviorist perspective
B F Skinner
48
behaviorists say people start as what?
blank slates and that reinforcement and punishment completely determines subsequent behavior
49
social cognitive perspective
result of reciprocal interactions among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors
50
who is dude for social cognitive perspective
albert bandura
51
social cognitive perspective states that learning isnt just
learned by classical or operant conditioning but through observational learning
52
trait perspective
result of traits which are habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion that are relatively stable over time
53
what are cardinal traits
rare and develop later in life. a trait that becomes to dominant
54
what are central traits
general characteristics that show across different situations
55
what are secondary traits
traits related to attitudes and dependent on situations
56
biological perspective
result from difference in brain biology
57
what is behavioral genetics
a field which variation among individuals is separated into genetic vs environment like nature vs nurture, shared environment
58
heritability? what are usually subjects of these studies
a metric used to determine how much of a variation is caused by genetic difference. subjects are usually monozygotic twins, family studies, adoption studies.
59
motivation? what does it affect
the driving force that causes us to act or behave in certain ways. it affects: instincts, drives, needs, and arousal
60
drive reduction theory
intrinsic or internal motivation defined as a psychological need creates an aroused state that drives an organism to address that need by engaging in some behavior that will reduce the arousal, + feedback loop
61
what is maslows pyramid? what school was his from
once the needs are met at the bottom, they will go up the pyramid. maslow was a humanist
62
what are the levels of maslows pyramid
bottom: physiological needs to safety needs to love and belonging to esteem needs to self actualization
63
emotions are made up of
physiological (body) behavioral (action) and cognitive (mental) needs
64
theories of emotion: james-lange
stimulus causes body response which causes emotion
65
theories of emotion: cannon-bard
emotion and physiological arousal happen simultaneously
66
theories of emotion: schachter-singer
emotion is determined by arousal and context
67
theories of emotion: optimal arousal theory
there is optimal level of emotional arousal for performance
68
universal emotions
emotions expressed by all humans across all cultures like happy, sad, fear, excited
69
stress and provide physiological responses
events that pose a threat to our physical or mental well being. high bp, high heart rate, high muscle tention cause by Symph NS
70
emotional responses vs behavioral
emotional: fear, anxiety, anger, etc while behavioral is crying, yelling, etc
71
general adaptation syndrome
describes the process your body goes through when you are exposed to any kind of stress, positive or negative. It has three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
72
alarm is what
fight or flight cause by symph NS
73
resistance is what
adaptation caused by parasymph NS
74
exhaustion is
reduction of immune system, will occur if stress is chronic

mcat psych/soc lectures (7 decks)

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