Lecture 4

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

is a section of DNA that codes for a
characteristic (family)

Question 2

Alleles

Answer 2

the different forms of each gene (you
or another individual family member)

Question 3

Dominant and recessive

Answer 3

you get 2 copies of
every gene, one from each parent, so for each
gene you have 2 allele possibilities. If you have
2 different alleles, you can show one or a mix,
depending on the type of gene it is

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

DNA coding for a characteristic;
listing of all alleles present

Question 5

Phenotype

Answer 5

what you see based on which alleles
are dominant and/or expressed based on
environmental factors

Question 6

Segregation

Answer 6

gametes cells each get 1 allele from
each pair

Question 7

• Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 7

traits segregate
independently from one another

Question 8

variance

Answer 8

The amount
of variation
within a
population

Question 9

Polygenic trait

Answer 9

trait influenced by
many genes

Question 10

Phenotypic plasticity

Answer 10

ability of a
genotype to produce a range of
phenotypes depending on environment

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

Question 12

4 nitrogenous bases

Answer 12

A, T, C, G

Question 13

what makes the double helix

Answer 13

The two types pair with one another (A-T and CG) via Hydrogen bonds and form a double helix

Question 14

how do the bases swap

Answer 14

A, T, C, G - T A G C

Question 15

How do we use DNA?

Answer 15

DNA is a long sequence of genes that are
instructions for how to make an organism,
so we need sombody to read the directions
and put together the pieces. RNA does this.

Question 16

3 kinds of Rna

Answer 16

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 17

Different sugar in RNA

Answer 17

, U instead of T

Question 18

order of translation

Answer 18

DNA RNA protein

Question 19

Transcription

Answer 19

copying a segment of DNA
into a strand of RNA

Question 20

Translation

Answer 20

reading the RNA segment and
assembling the protein coded for by the
sequence of bases

Question 21

hellicase

Answer 21

holds the shit together

Question 22

polymerases

Answer 22

enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides

Question 23

rna polymerase

Answer 23

a multi-unit enzyme that synthesizes RNA molecules from a template of DNA through a process called transcription

Question 24

codon

Answer 24

3 consecutive bases are a codon and code
for a specific amino acid

Question 25

“start” and “stop” codons

Answer 25

There are also “start” and “stop” codons
that signal the beginning and ending of a
gene

Question 26

anticodon,

Answer 26

the reverse of the codon

Question 27

initiation

Answer 27

The process begins when an initiator protein–DNA complex is formed that subsequently loads a DNA helicase onto the DNA template.

Question 28

elongation

Answer 28

an enzyme called DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides to the 3′ end of the newly synthesized polynucleotide strand

Question 29

termination

Answer 29

occurs when two replication forks meet on the same stretch of DNA