lecture 4

Question 1

sensation

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

processing of sensation to form representation

Question 3

transduction

Answer 3

when sensors in the body convert physical signals from the environment into neural signals sent to the CNS

Question 4

sensory adaptation

Answer 4

sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time as an organism adapts to current conditions

Question 5

sensing light

Answer 5

visible light is the portion of the EM that we can see

Question 6

properties of light waves

Answer 6

length- hue or what we perceive as color
amplitude - brightness
purity-saturation or richness of color

Question 7

parts of the human eye

Answer 7

cornea
lens
iris
pupil
retina

Question 8

function of cornea

Answer 8

protective layer

Question 9

function of lens

Answer 9

bend the light to get it to the back of the eyes

Question 10

iris

Answer 10

a gate for the pupil (let in or keep out light)

Question 11

function of pupil

Answer 11

let light in

Question 12

function of retina

Answer 12

has photoreceptors which receive light and send image to brain

Question 13

types of photoreceptors in the retina

Answer 13

cones and rods

Question 14

what is the fovea

Answer 14

an area of the retina where vision is the clearest and there are no rods

Question 15

function of cones

Answer 15

detect color, operate under normal light conditions, focus on fine detail

Question 16

function of rods

Answer 16

only gray scale, become active under low light conditions

Question 17

process of transduction

Answer 17

photoreceptors, bipolar neurons, ganglion cells, optic disk, optic nerve, brain

Question 18

monocular depth cues

Answer 18

aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when view with only one eye

Question 19

what is binocular disparity

Answer 19

the difference in retinal images of the two eyes that provides information about depth

Question 20

what are sound waves

Answer 20

changes in air pressure unfolding over time

Question 21

aspects of soundwaves

Answer 21

pitch- how high or low a sound is
loudness- a sounds intensity
timbre- sound quaility

Question 22

three parts of the human ear

Answer 22

outer ear
-pinna
-auditory canal
-eardrum

middle ear
- ossicles ( hammer, anvil, stirrup)

Inner ear
- cochlea (basilar membrane, hair cells/receptor/cilia)
-semicircular canals
-sends auditory messages to thalamus then brain

Question 23

how do you know where sound is coming from

Answer 23

timing and loudness ( one ear hears it before the other)
strereophonic hearing

Question 24

four type sod mechanoreceptors located under the skin’s surface

Answer 24

pressure, texture, pattern vibration

Question 25

how do we sense pain

Answer 25

A-delta fibers: fast acting, sharp pain goes along myelinated axon (fast) C-fibers: slower acting, unmyelinated axon (slow), dull throbbing pain

Question 26

what is gate control theory

Answer 26

asserts that non-painful input closes the nerve "gates" to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system

Question 27

what is the process of smelling?

Answer 27

odor binds with ORN binding sites in the olfactory epithelium signal travels to olfactory bulb which is made up of axons from ORNs and send the message to the brain

Question 28

what are the 5 taste receptors

Answer 28

salt sour bitter sweet umami

Question 29

what is on the tongue that allows you to taske

Answer 29

papillae, taste buds (microvilli: taste receptors thatr eact with tastant molecules in food)