Lecture 4

Question 1

?

a flat, 2D images that told simple stories without words or sound, similar of that to a Cave paintings.

Storytelling Traditions

Creating a Narrative

Answer 1

Visual storytelling tradition

Question 2

?

form a significant proportion of the highly visual medium of interactive entertainment; this medium incorporates the visual storytelling tradition, but it has also revolutionized the way stories are told.

Storytelling Traditions

Creating a Narrative

Answer 2

Games

Question 3

?

in general description is a thought or suggestion as to a possible course of action.

Generating Ideas

Creating a Narrative

Answer 3

Idea

Question 4

Sometimes, writers often get ideas from thoughts that just come to them ?.

Generating Ideas

Creating a Narrative

Answer 4

throughout the day

Question 5

These ? could be anything from observations of the people and the environment around them to portion of dreams.

Generating Ideas

Creating a Narrative

Answer 5

ideas

Question 6

?

is another common idea generator

Generating Ideas

Creating a Narrative

Answer 6

Direct personal experience

Question 7

is a type of character who represents a universal pattern, and therefore appeals to our human collective unconscious.

Creating a Narrative

Answer 7

Character archetype

Question 8

Within this collective unconscious are universal themes and ?, which appear in our culture in the form of stories and character types in art, literature, music, and games.

Character Archetypes

Creating a Narrative

Answer 8

archetypes

Question 9

?

archetype is the central character in a single-player game.

Character Archetypes

Creating a Narrative

Answer 9

Hero

Question 10

?

character will always be the player’s avatar – and the player must identify and bond with this character.

Character Archetypes - Hero

Creating a Narrative

Answer 10

Hero

Question 11

The hero is always presented with a ? toward the beginning of the story and embarks on a physical or emotional journey to eventually solve this problem.

Character Archetypes - Hero

Creating a Narrative

Answer 11

problem

Question 12

?

is an extremely important character – representing the hero’s opposite, often the ultimate evil character in a story.

Character Archetypes

Creating a Narrative

Answer 12

Shadow

Question 13

The shadow could be the ? who is responsible for the hero’s problem

Character Archetypes - Shadow

Creating a Narrative

Answer 13

adversary

Question 14

Sometimes this character remains ? until the story’s climax, which can add to the story’s dramatic tension.

Character Archetypes - Shadow

Creating a Narrative

Answer 14

hidden

Question 15

Sometimes, the shadow represents the ? of the hero.

Character Archetypes - Shadow

Creating a Narrative

Answer 15

dark side

Question 16

?

is a character who often guides the hero toward some action.

Character Archetypes

Creating a Narrative

Answer 16

Mentor

Question 17

?

provides the hero with the information needed to embark on the hero’s journey.

Character Archetypes - Mentor

Creating a Narrative

Answer 17

Mentor

Question 18

The mentor is often an ? character – someone who might have been in the hero’s shoes at one time, who can provide the hero with wisdom from that experience of making a similar journey.

Character Archetypes - Mentor

Creating a Narrative

Answer 18

older advisor

Question 19

?

is a character who helps the hero progress on the journey and may also assist the hero with tasks that might be difficult or impossible to accomplish alone

Character Archetypes

Creating a Narrative

Answer 19

Ally

Question 20

?

blocks the progress of the hero by whatever means necessary – until the hero has proven his or her worth

Character Archetypes

Creating a Narrative

Answer 20

Guardian

Question 21

Sometimes the guardian character is the shadow’s ?

Character Archetypes - Guardian

Creating a Narrative

Answer 21

henchman

Question 22

The guardian could also be a ? that exists within the hero’s mind – such as self-doubt, fear, discomfort – that makes the character hesitate to continue on the journey

Character Archetypes - Guardian

Creating a Narrative

Answer 22

block

Question 23

The ? is a neutral character who enjoys making mischief.

Character Archetypes

Creating a Narrative

Answer 23

trickster

Question 24

Trickster characters can either cause sever damage through their ? – which can stop the hero from progressing along the journey – but they are more often simply jesters who provide comic relief for the story.

Character Archetypes - Trickster

Creating a Narrative

Answer 24

pranks

Question 25

# **?** facilitates change in the story and provides thehero with direction. | Character Archetypes ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 25

Herald

Question 26

# **?** who is often equated with hero archetype. | Classic Character Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 26

Protagonist

Question 27

The **?** is the main character, the game’s story is told from this character’s point of view – even if the game is not played in the first-person perspective. | Classic Character Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 27

protagonist

Question 28

# **?** must always drive the story forward – acting instead of waiting for them to happen. | Classic Character Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 28

Protagonist

Question 29

# **?** is the complete opposite of the protagonist. | Classic Character Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 29

Antagonist

Question 30

Antagonist does not mean that the character is **?**. | Classic Character Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 30

bad

Question 31

The antagonist and protagonist could simply have **?** – such as ethical, political, lifestyle, etc | Classic Character Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 31

opposing view

Question 32

When the protagonist and antagonist want the exact same thing, they become **?** in the story. | Classic Character Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 32

linked together

Question 33

(4) Antagonist Types | Classic Character Types - Antagonist Types | Enumerate ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 33

* Transformational antagonist * Mistaken antagonist * Exaggerated antagonists * Realistic antagonists

Question 34

# **?** is an **anti-hero character who could have been a protagonist**. The antagonist receives punishment at the end of the story to satisfy the audience’s need for justice | Classic Character Types - Antagonist Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 34

Transformational antagonist

Question 35

# **?** are characters who the audience **initially thinks are villains** – but they **turn out to be innocent.** | Classic Character Types - Antagonist Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 35

Mistaken antagonists

Question 36

# **?** are those who are **larger-than-life, bizarre, and sometimes even comedic villains** who might even dominate the story because they are often **more interesting than the protagonist.** | Classic Character Types - Antagonist Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 36

Exaggerated antagonists

Question 37

# **?** **are the opposite of exaggerated** and the **toughest to create.** | Classic Character Types - Antagonist Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 37

Realistic antagonists

Question 38

# **?** **join forces with the protagonist** in a story. | Classic Character Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 38

Co-protagonist

Question 39

These character often appear in games such as **?** that require teams. | Classic Character Types - Co-protagonist ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 39

MMOs

Question 40

Sometimes these characters do not start out as co-protagonists, but as **?**. | Classic Character Types - Co-protagonist ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 40

antagonists

Question 41

# **?** are **also known as pivotal characters** – exists primarily to prevent the protagonist from walking away from this problem. | Classic Character Types ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 41

Supporting Characters

Question 42

# **?** structure emphasizes the simple idea that a good story has **a beginning, a middle, and an end.** | Traditional Story Structure ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 42

Holywood three-act

Question 43

**Beginning (Act I) :** The most interesting stories begin by placing the audience into the **?** of the story. | Traditional Story Structure - Holywood three-act ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 43

action or drama

Question 44

The **?** and any background events leading up to this moment can be introduced later. | Traditional Story Structure - Holywood three-act - Beginning (Act I) ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 44

backstory

Question 45

The goal is to capture the audience’s **?**. | Traditional Story Structure - Holywood three-act - Beginning (Act I) ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 45

attention

Question 46

Act I focuses on the character’s **?**. The story should introduce this **?** immediately. | Traditional Story Structure - Holywood three-act - Beginning (Act I) ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 46

problem

Question 47

**Middle (Act II):** the middle of the story focuses on the **?** that stand in the way of the character’s ability to solve the problem introduced in Act I. There are usually a series of **?** in Act II that the character must overcome. | Traditional Story Structure - Holywood three-act ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 47

obstacles

Question 48

This act comprises the bulk of the **?** in the story. | Traditional Story Structure - Holywood three-act - Middle (Act II) ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 48

dramatic tension

Question 49

**End (Act III):** The story ends when the problem introduced in Act I has been **?**. | Traditional Story Structure - Holywood three-act ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 49

solved

Question 50

The character often has to systematically face and remove each obstacle in Act II to reach this **?** | Traditional Story Structure - Holywood three-act - End (Act III) ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 50

resolution

Question 51

Story Element includes the following – **?**, **??**, **???**, **????**, and **?????**. | Story Elements ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 51

* Premise * Backstory * Synopsis * Theme * Setting

Question 52

**?** or **??** is a **summary of the game’s purpose and overall theme**, and it often appears on packaging associated wit the game. | Story Elements ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 52

* Premise * high concept

Question 53

It is **intended to intrigue customers**, enticing them to purchase the game. | Story Elements ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 53

* Premise * high concept

Question 54

# **?** provides **information that leads up to where the game begins**. It usually consists of a short paragraph in the game instruction manual, or it **appears as text at the beginning of the game.** | Story Elements ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 54

Backstory

Question 55

# **?** This **helps orient the player to the purpose and action involved in the game**, and it allows the player to sometimes establish initial bonds for certain characters. | Story Elements ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 55

Backstory

Question 56

**?** or **??** can also exist throughout the game itself. The player might be involved in the setting and actions that take place in the game. | Story Elements ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 56

* Synopsis * Storyline

Question 57

A **?** can also **help a player escape from reality** and become immersed in the artificial game world, during which the player can become **emotionally involved with the game’s characters.** | Story Elements - Synopsis or Storyline ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 57

running storyline

Question 58

# **?** represents what the story is truly about – even if it’s not shared explicitly with the player. | Story Elements ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 58

Theme

Question 59

# **?** usually relate to a **primary obstacle in the story faced by the main character(s)**. Is the obstacle an enemy, nature, society, fate – or the characters themselves? | Story Elements ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 59

Themes

Question 60

**?** or **??** represents **the world that is being explored by the audience**, characters, or player. | Story Elements ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 60

* Setting * backdrop

Question 61

In creating a **?**, think of the world in which the characters will live and interact. | Story Elements - Setting or Backdrop ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 61

game story

Question 62

# **?** is more about **how the story unfolds** rather than what the story is about. ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 62

Plot

Question 63

# **?** **can be part of the game’s story structure** – but it can also be **dictated by how the game is played**. | Plot ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 63

Game plotting

Question 64

The key to making challenges and obstacles interesting to a player is to relate them to the story with the use of various plot devices that optimize **?** | Plot ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 64

dramatic tension

Question 65

(5) Plot Devices | Plot Devices | Enumerate ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 65

* Balancing Conflict * Shifting Focus * Foreshadowing Events * Suspension of Disbelief * Realism

Question 66

# **?** Dramatic tension in a story is maximized when the **player often seems to be on the brink of disaster but is able to escape repeatedly** from this situation by just the narrowest of margins. | Plot Devices ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 66

Balancing Conflict

Question 67

# **?** It **captures the player’s interest** – such as **widening the scope of the game** by **providing more sub-quests** or by **introducing new characters** or objects that lead the player into other unexplored areas. | Plot Devices ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 67

Shifting Focus

Question 68

# **?** a plot device that **ominously alerts the audience about an important event** or change that will happen in the future | Plot Devices ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 68

Foreshadowing Events

Question 69

# **?** the story must somehow **cause the players to forget real life and accept the artificial reality** that was created in the game. | Plot Devices ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 69

Suspension of Disbelief

Question 70

# **?** This is **related to immersion**, but it more specifically **refers to the players’ acceptance of rules and experiences** that **might not make sense in the real world** | Plot Devices ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 70

Suspension of Disbelief

Question 71

# **?** can be used in games to **mimic the real world as closely as possible**. Players want reality and authenticity | Plot Devices ## Footnote Creating a Narrative

Answer 71

Realism