Lecture 4

Question 1

Is data always accurate

Why

Answer 1

No measurement is exactly precise or accurate

There is always uncertainty about how close to real value

Question 2

Why do all conclusions in science have some uncertainty

Answer 2

Based on real world measurements

Question 3

Scientific misconceptions

Answer 3

Commonly held beliefs about science that have no basis in actual scientific fact

Preconceived notions based on religious/cultural influences

Question 4

Scientific theory

Answer 4

Grand scheme that relates and explains many observations and is supported by a great deal of evidence

Question 5

In science a theory has the

Answer 5

Highest level of any scientific knowledge

Question 6

Science is a search for

technology is the ?

Answer 6

Understanding

Application of scientific knowledge that benefits humans

Question 7

Technology and science are

Most of us do not encounter science but?

Answer 7

Intertwined

The products of science

Question 8

Environmental sciences deal especially with

Answer 8

Complex systems

Question 9

Different approaches in environmental science include what

Answer 9

Controlled lab not always possible
Field observations
Historical evidence

Question 10

Why bother reading peer reviewed papers

Answer 10

Scientific papers are heart of science community

One of major ways scientists communicate their results and ideas to one another

Question 11

Peer reviewed papers described

Answer 11

Original research results (most up to date info)

Question 12

Peer reviewed scientific articles are written by?

Answer 12

Researchers aimed at an academic readership

Question 13

Who are they reviewed by

Answer 13

Experts within same subject area

Question 14

Who writes scientific articles
Provides ?
May have ?

V

Popular

Answer 14

Scholar/expert
Credentials and affiliations
Multiple authors

Unsigned
Journalist staff or freelance

Question 15

Characteristics of scientific

• what is cited
• written using specialized
• may have

Answer 15

Sources: bibliography/reference list
Language of the discipline
Abstract

Question 16

Editorial oversight

Scientific
Controlled by?

Answer 16

Peer review or referee process

Question 17

Appearance and frequency

Published ?

Answer 17

Quarterly or monthly

Utilitarian appearance/ few images

Question 18

Content
Focuses on ?
Longer ?
…..

Answer 18

Narrow subject detailed analysis
Articles about research
Charts graphs tables

Question 19

Publisherpublisjed by ?

Many use?

Answer 19

Professional association or academic press

Successive pagination throughout year

Question 20

Availability

Answer 20

University library or office

Question 21

What is at top of scientific

Answer 21

Name of journal

Question 22

Title of

Answer 22

Article

Question 23

Underneath title

Answer 23

Authors

Question 24

On side of article

Answer 24

Keywords

Question 25

Abstract

Answer 25

Brief summary of article that addresses purpose methods results and conclusions

Question 26

Intro

Answer 26

Background info aim and problem statements

Question 27

Method

Answer 27

Describes method used | So that it is possible for reader to follow and repeat process

Question 28

Results

Answer 28

Presentation of the results in text and optionally with tables charts and figures

Question 29

Discussion

Answer 29

Discusses research results and principles , relationships or generalizations which are verified by studies results Possible weaknesses

Question 30

Reference list

Answer 30

All documents author referred to

Question 31

Types of peer reviewed

Answer 31

``` Research Methods and techniques Short communications Reviews Commentaries ```

Question 32

``` Trade journals Published by? Have a .... audience Contain relevant ? Provide a forum for Use ... of the industry Contain images of ```

Answer 32

``` Professional association or academic press Specific and limited Advertisements Job adverts Jargon Trade/industrial setting ```

Question 33

``` Commentary Intellectual ? Comment on What subjects ? May have .... leaning ...,...,..., ``` These journals while not reporting ? May be helpful if you seek

Answer 33

``` Subject matter Current issues Cultural or political Political Literary,artistic,dramatic ``` Reporting research Informed opinions or ideas