Waste

Question 1

Waste definition and types

Answer 1

Unwanted material or substances that results from a human activity or process

Municipal solid waste
Industrial waste
Hazardous waste

Question 2

Municipal solid waste

Answer 2

Generated in our homes institutions and small businesses (garbage waste)

Question 3

What is the fastest growing part of the waste stream ?

Answer 3

E waste

Only 12.5 percent currently recycled

Question 4

Eclectronics contain ?
How much of trash does e waste make
How much hazardous material

Answer 4

Hazardous materials ( lead cadmium arsenic mercury) needs to be disposed of properly

2 percent
70 percent

Question 5

MS waste generated in the US

What is biggest component

Answer 5

Paper

Question 6

What products have been growing faster than any other waste

Answer 6

Plastic and paper

Question 7

Industrial waste

Answer 7

Generated by businesses from an industrial or manufacturing process

Question 8

Hazardous waste

Answer 8

Toxic chemically reactive flammable or corrosive (cleaning agents,paints, pesticides)

Poses a danger to human health

Question 9

Ignitable

Corrosive

Answer 9

Can catch fire

Can damage or destroy metals

Question 10

Reactive

Toxic

Answer 10

Chemically unstable; can explode or produce fumes when combined with water
Harmful or fatal when inhaled ingested or touched

Question 11

Who produces the most hazardous waste ?

Household hazardous waste is ?

Answer 11

Industries but it is highly regulated 
Unregulated 
-paint
-battery
-oil
-solvents
-cleaning
-pesticides

Question 12

The worst hazardous wastes are the ones that ?

Answer 12

Persist for a long time without breaking down

Question 13

Which are examples that don’t break down

Answer 13

Heavy metals (mercurial lead chromium arsenic cadmium tin copper from industry mining consumer products)
Organic compounds (synthetic pesticides petroleum products rubber solvents preservatives)

Question 14

Solid waste management
Many disposal practices ?
What kind of problem

Answer 14

A problem in many parts of the world ( proper disposal adequate disposal sites resources technology)

Inadequate

• open dumps
• illegal roadside dumping

Social and physical
- people disposing of waste as inexpensively and quickly as possible

Question 15

Sanitary landfills ?
Designed to ?
Prevent and minimize ?
Regulated by whom

Answer 15

Bury the waste
Concentrate and contain waste without creating a nuisance or hazard to public health or safety
Environmental protection agency and states environmental agency

Question 16

What clears up misconceptions

Answer 16

Excavations

Question 17

Leachate
The most significant hazard from a sanitary landfill is ?
When is leachate produced

Answer 17

Pollution of groundwater or surface water

If waste comes into contact with water

Question 18

Modern sanitary landfills are engineered to include ?

Answer 18

Multiple barriers to avoid contamination and pollution

Question 19

Clay and plastic liners to?
Surface and subsurface drainage to collect?
Systems to?
Groundwater monitoring to?

Answer 19

Limit movement of leachate
To collect leachate
Collect methane gas
Detect leaks of leachate below and adjacent to the landfill

Question 20

Social considerations of sanitary landfills

Answer 20

Cheap land little local opposition

Frequently in areas of low socioeconomic status

Question 21

Open dumps 
Where was solid waste once disposed of
What is an open dump
Located where ?
What happened to them

Answer 21

Open dumps
Refuse piled up without cover
Wherever land is available without regard to safety health hazard or aesthetic degradation
Thousands closed and new development banned in US

Question 22

Methane

Answer 22

Organic waste decomposes where there is no oxygen and produces methane

Question 23

Methane is a ?
Where does it come from and what is it used for
May do what?
If ignited ?

Answer 23

Highly flammable gas
Pumped out of landfills and used for fuels
Seep into ground
Explosions

Question 24

Incineration

Answer 24

Ancontrolled process of burning mixed solid waste at extremely high temperatures

Question 25

Incineration reduces volume by? Remaining ash is ? Common in places where ? Better than what BUT

Answer 25

``` 90% Disposed of at landfill Land is scarce Open air burning Can create new Chemical compounds and emit toxic chemicals from the stacks but can be filtered and reduced ```

Question 26

Many incinerators now generate ? What do waste to energy facilities use? WTE is efficient and effective but ?

Answer 26

Electricity from waste combustion Use heat from furnaces to boil water Steam turns turbines and generators Income from power is low and expense is high takes years to recoup investment

Question 27

Hazardous waste

Answer 27

Uncontrolled dumping can pollute soil and waters

Question 28

A secure landfill for hazardous waste is designed to ?

Answer 28

Confine waste to particular location Control leachate that deans from waste Collect and treat leachate Detect leaks

Question 29

Rrrr

Answer 29

Reduce reuse recycle repair

Question 30

Repair is ?

Answer 30

A dominant concept in current waste management

Question 31

Ultimate objective of the three r 'a is to ?

Answer 31

Reduce | Minimize waste and source - source reduction

Question 32

Reduction facilitated by?

Answer 32

Better design of packaging to reduce waste an element of source reduction

Question 33

Yard waste and food scraps make up ? Of municipal solid waste in US Doesn't have to go In landfill bc ?

Answer 33

25 percent | Biodegradable

Question 34

Composting

Answer 34

The conversion of organic waste into mulch or humid by encouraging natural processes of decomposition

Question 35

Process of composting

Answer 35

Put yard food scraps in closed container Let sit and mix occasionally Spread on gardens or fields to enrich soil

Question 36

``` Composting Keeps organic waste ? Provides ? Reduces the need for ? Increases ? ```

Answer 36

Out of landfills Nutrients to the soil Chemical based fertilizers Beneficial soil organisms like worms centipedes

Question 37

Recycling

Answer 37

Process of converting waste materials into reusable objects to prevent waste of potentially useful materials

Question 38

Recycling diverts ? | Items are taken to

Answer 38

55 mill. Tons of materials away from disposal each year | Materials recovery facilities where workers prepare for reprocessing

Question 39

Movements to cut waste by ? | Usage pricing model for disposing of ?

Answer 39

Imposing taxes - as taxes increase people produce less waste Disposing of municipal solid waste - users are charged a rate based on how much waste they produce

Question 40

Ten US states have bottle bills ?

Answer 40

Laws that mandate that consumers get money back for returning bottle and cans to where they were purchased