Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Food and Culture > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the main function of religion?

A

To explain the inexplicable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What plays the main important role in most religions?

A

Food

Dietary practices differ within a religious group, therefore stereotyping should be avoided

Every person has the right to practice their religion of choice, or none at all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do we need to know about religious dietary restrictions?

A

As a working professional, you will interact with all kinds of people

Canada represents a diverse population with many practiced religions

Important to understand the implications of one’s religion in terms of food choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the top 3 religions in Canada?

A

catholic, protenstant, orthodox,

24% of canadiana don’t identify with a religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main western religions?

A

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the most prevalent religions in the Western world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are characteristics of western religions?

A

Originated in the Middle East

Worship of a single God (monotheism) that is omnipotent
-Capable of anything

Belief that life is everlasting, but humans will be held accountable for their actions in this lifetime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Judaism?

A

Estimated to be 4,000 years old

Established when Abraham received God’s early covenant with the Jews

Originally a nation and religion – Jerusalem

  • Destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE
  • Birth of Israel in 1948
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 main sects of judaism?

A

Ashkenazi (Germany, northern France, eastern Europe)
-Hasidic

Sephardim (southern Europe and Middle East)
-Misrahi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the judaism bible called and what books are included?

A

First 5 books (aka Books of Moses, the Torah, or the Pentateuch)

Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy

Includes the Ten Commandments, proper food preparation, charity, and general conduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does judaism believe in?

A

Do not believe in original sin

Sin is attributed to weakness

Can be redeemed if they ask for God’s absolution or by asking for forgiveness of the person sinned against

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 kinds of jews?

A

Orthodox Jews – All Jewish laws must be observed in all details

Reform Jews – Ritual laws are not required but moral laws are

Conservative Jews – Middle ground between Orthodox and Reform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Kosher and Kashrut?

A

Kosher = “fit”
Permitted food items

Kashrut

  • Pilar of Jewish religious life
  • Concerned with fitness of food, health-related
  • Spiritual and physical health
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 8 food laws of judaism?

A
  1. Permitted animals for food
  2. Method of slaughter
  3. Examination of slaughtered animal
  4. Forbidden parts of the animal
  5. Preparation of meat
  6. Law of Meat and Milk
  7. Products of forbidden animals
  8. Examination for insects and worms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is sabbath?

A

The day of rest and prayer

Sundown Friday to Nightfall Saturday

All food must be prepared before sundown on Friday (no food kindled on Sabbath)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Rosh Hashanah?

A

New Year / “Head of the Year”

September or October (Lunar Calendar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Yom Kippur?

A

The Day of Atonement

Atonement for sins committed against God

Day of fasting (no food or water; medications permitted)

Everyone participates except boys under 13, girls under 12, those who are ill, pregnant women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Hanukkah?

A

8 days of celebration, usually in December

Commemorate recapture of the Temple in Jerusalem in 169 CE

Lighting of 1 candle each night on the menorah

Common foods include latkes and other foods cooked in oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is passover?

A

8 day festival of spring and freedom

March or April to celebrate Jewish exodus from Egypt

Unleavened bread (Matzah) consumed to represent Moses’ claim of no time for bread to rise

No food can be subject to leavening during 8 days

Wheat, barley, rye, oats, beans, peas, lentils, millet, mustard, maize, beer, malt liquors, are avoided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the largest religious group world wide and what are the 3 dominant branches?

A

Christianity

Roman Catholicism
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Protestantism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does christianity abide by?

A

10 commandements

-included in old and new testament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What who celebrates roman Catholicism?

A

Largely based in Germany, Poland, Italy, Ireland, Mexico, and Caribbean
-Immigrants to Canada and US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are thee celebrations of Roman Catholics?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Christmas: Birth of Christ 
Easter: Resurrection of Christ
Palm Sunday 
Ascension
Pentecost Sunday
The Assumption
All Saints Day
23
Q

What does fasting look like in Roma catholicism?

Study These Flashcards
A

Permits only one full meal per day at midday

Does not forbid eating in the morning or evening, allowing for supplementary nourishment

24
Q

What is Eastern Orthodox?

Study These Flashcards
A

Not as prevalent as Roman Catholicism in North America

Two centres of Christianity (300 CE):

  • Rome
  • Constantinople (Instanbul, Turkey)

Mainly represent Eastern Europe

25
What is protestantism?
16th century religious movement known as the Reformation, by leader Martin Luther Questioning of the Roman Catholic Church practices, breaking away from their teachings Belief that individuals can reach God without a priest or a saint, but through prayer -Essentially, every believer is their own minister Belief that every person is inherently sinful, but can be saved by having faith in Christ -Death of Christ atoned for sins of all people People encourage to read and interpret biblical scriptures
26
What are most food choices based on?
Most food choices based on culture, rather than religion itself
27
What is the mormon law of health?
Restrict tobacco, strong drinks, and hot drinks; sometimes caffeine Eat meat sparingly, base diet on grains Fasting: One day per month for charity
28
What is the way of the sevenths day adventists?
Dress is simple, functional jewellery only Belief that sickness is a result of violation of laws of health
29
How do 7th day adventists preserve health?
Avoidance of gluttony Vegetarianism (lacto-ovo) Avoidance of tea, coffee, alcohol, tobacco Water to be consumed only before and after a meal Limited use of spices (e.g., black pepper, chili powder) 5-6 hours between meals
30
What is the 2nd largest religious group in the world?
Second largest religious group world-wide Mainly Middle East, northern Africa, Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan Gradual progression in Western countries
31
What does islam and muslim mean?
Islam = “submission” to the will of God Muslim = “he who submits”
32
What is the Qur'an?
Contains stories of the Old and New Testaments, including Arabian folk tales Contains basic laws of Islam No priests required; people can speak directly to Allah Mohammed, the founder, had revelations and was told he was the prophet of Allah
33
What are the 5 pillars of islam?
Faith Prayer - Performed 5 times per day (dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, nightfall) - Must be facing Mecca Almsgiving/Zakat Fasting Pilgrimage to Mecca
34
What are the different islam sects?
``` Sunni -Largest in size Shi’ia (aka Shiites) Khawarij Sufis ```
35
What are the dietary restrictions for islam?
Pork, 4 footed animals that can eat prey with their mouths, birds of prey, pork by-products (e.g., gelatin) Improperly slaughtered animals Blood and by-products Alcohol and drugs
36
What is the difference between halal and haram?
Halal is permitted Haram is forbidden
37
What are some rules in islam surrounding eating?
Eating is considered a matter of worship, survival, and good health Self-indulgence is not permitted Food-waste prohibited Hands and mouth must be cleaned before and after meals -Only the right hand is considered clean
38
What are the islam feast days?
Eid al-Fitr – The Feast of Fast Breaking Eid al-Azha – The Festival of Sacrifice Shab-i-Barat – Middle of Shaban Nau-Roz – New Year’s Day Maulud n’Nabi – Birthday of Mohammed
39
What happens when you fast in islam?
Abstinence of food, drink, smoking, and sexual intercourse from dawn to sunset Ramadan -9 month of the Islamic calendar -Required for those past the age of puberty (~15 y.o.) -Some exemptions apply
40
What is hinduism?
Belief that humans are not perfect ‘nor can they be Make humans one with the Universal Spirit or Supreme Being - Must transition from human consciousness to divine consciousness - Through reincarnations – law of rebirth Karma = One’s present life is the result of what one thought or did in one’s past life
41
What its one of the worlds oldest religions?
Hinduism | -Primarily practiced in India, some Asian countries
42
What is Brahman in hinduism?
The one supreme being Hindus choose the form of the Supreme Being that matches their spirit
43
What are the 3 main functions of the supreme being?
The Creation The Protection The Destruction (of the world) 3 Great Gods (The Hindu Triad): Brahma, Vishnu, Siva
44
What are the main principles of hinduism?
``` Purity Self-control Detachment Truth Nonviolence ```
45
What are the foods avoided in hinduism?
Cow is a sacred animal and prohibited for consumption Crabs, snails, crocodiles, ducks, flamingos, camels, boars, etc. Foods prepared by certain people prohibited (e.g., doctors, prostitutes, actors, carpenters, liars, thieves) No fish or meat unless sanctified by the repetition of mantras offering it to the gods Garlic, onions, leeks, turnips, mushrooms, red-hued foods
46
Why are dietary restrictions practiced in hinduism?
Avoidance of foods believed to interfere with physical and mental development
47
How many feast and fast days are there in hinduism?
18 major festivals per year Festivals based on geographical location Fasting: Varies significantly
48
What Is buddhism?
Protestant revolt against orthodox Hinduism Belief that asceticism and self-indulgence should both be avoided in the extremes
49
What are the 4 noble truths in buddhism?
Dukkha Suffering is part of living Samudaya Suffering is caused by a person’s cravings in life Attachment to pleasure, wealth, power, ideals, and beliefs Nirodha Cessation of Dukkha A person no longer suffers if all cravings are relinquished Magga Middle way between search of happiness through pleasure and search for happiness through self-mortification and asceticism
50
What are the 5 precepts of buddhism?
Abstain from taking a life Abstain from taking what is not given Abstain from all illegal sexual pleasures Abstain from lying Abstain from consumption of intoxicants to avoid clouding of the mind
51
What is the ultiamate goal of buddhism?
Practiced perfectly, one achieves nirvana | -State of passionlessness, wisdom, and insight
52
What re the 2 sects of buddhism?
Theraveda (Hinayana) Buddhism - Spiritual philosophy and system of ethics - Little to no emphasis on deities - Rather, a way of living to achieve nirvana - Most common in India, Southeast Asia Mahayanna Buddhism - Buddha is eternal and cosmic - Appears in various ways to spread his truth (dharma) - Most common in China, Japan, Korea, Tibet, Mongolia
53
What is the common diet of buddhists?
Vary significantly -Based on geographical location and sect Avoid taking a life - Lacto-ovo vegetarianism practiced widely - Fish may be consumed

Food and Culture (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions