Lecture 4 - Anxiety, OCD and Trauma Flashcards
(45 cards)
What 3 things must you rule out before making any diagnosis?
Distress/impairment, medical impairment or effects of a drug
What is the difference between anxiety and fear
Anxiety is feeling threatened by a HYPOTHETICAL situation or future event.
Fear is feeling threatened by a REAL/PERCEIVED THREAT
What is panic
Extreme fear that is unprovoked (false alarm)
What are the 7 anxiety disorders
Panic disorders Agoraphobia Specific phobias Social phobia/social anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Selective mutism Seperation anxiety disorder
What are among the most common of all mental disorders and highly comorbid
Anxiety disorder
25% lifetime prevalence including OCD and trauma related
Anxiety disorders seem to have a non-specific genetic component meaning what?
Prob some genetic factors for this disorder, but the exact nature that the anxiety disorder takes is not coded in those genes
Which anxiety disorder seems to have the highest heritability?
73% = seperation anxiety disorder
What brain areas involved in fear can become dysregulated by long-term anxiety or fear
Subcortical brain areas (amygdala, hyppocampus, hypothalamus)
Hypercortisolism can lead to what
larger amygdala and smaller hippocampus
What is 2 factor psychological theory?
Classical conditioning causes initial anxiety
Operant conditioning maintains it
Panic attacks can occur ____ or _____
out of the blue (uncued)
in response to a particular stimulus (situationally bound)
What is panic disorder?
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
What is the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder?
At least one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month (or more) of one (or more) of the following
What is catastrophizing?
Mis-interpreting (harmless) physiological cues creates a vicious circle of increased anxiety and bodily symptoms
How does panic disorder have the strongest genetic link among all anxiety disorders
1st degree fam members of someone with panic disorder are 5x more likely to be diagnosed
What is agoraphobia
anxiety about being in places where escape might be difficult in the event of having a panic attack…therefore those situations are avoided
What are the several subtypes of specific phobias?
animal type natural environment type blood-injection-injury type situational type other (choking, loud sounds, clowns)
What is social phobia/social anxiety disorder?
Marked, persistent and invariable anxiety about social or performance situations leading to avoidance of those situation
It is very common for social phobia to exist before which comorbid disorder
depression
social anxiety is self perpetuating. Why?
Avoidance can reduce social skills
what are the 3 diagnostic criteria of GAD
a. excessive anxiety + worry, occuring many days for at least 6 months about many events
b. difficult to control worry
c. anxiety + worry is associated with: restlessnes/feeling, easily fatigued, can’t concentrate, irritable, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
Why can worry be enforcing in GAD
because it can distract you from physical and emotional sensations of apprehension
What is different about age of onset in GAD
its around 30 - which is later than other anxiety disorders
What are the 4 diagnostic criteria in selective mutism?
able to speak but selectively
Last for at least 1 month (can’t be accounted for no knowledge/comfort with language)
PP less than 1%
