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Psychopathology > Lecture 7 - Health Stress and Sleep > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Health Stress and Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What are four linked biological systems that are particularly susceptible to psychological and environmental factors?

A
  • Autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic, which we have already discussed)
  • Endocrine system (HPA-Axis)
  • Immune system
  • Gut microbiome
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2
Q

What does HPA stand for in HPA-axis?

A

Hypothalamus-pituitary-

adrenal axis

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3
Q

What is the main jist of HPA-axis?

A

Sets in motion the stress reponse that promotes survival. Greater production and metabolism of glucose, anti-inflammatory properties, diverts energy from less immediate priorities

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4
Q

What are the step from HPA-Axis?

A
  • Hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone/factor (CRH/ CRF) and vasopressin
  • CRH causes secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary glands
  • ACTH causes production of glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol), adrenaline and noradrenaline by the adrenal glands
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5
Q

In situations of chronic stress or acute stress, what suppresses the immune system?

A

HPA-Axis

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6
Q

How is stress defined?

A

The stimulus itself (a stressor) or the response to the stimulus (for example, autonomic arousal)

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7
Q

What are the 3 steps in selye’s theory of the general adaptation syndrome?

A

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

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8
Q

How does maternal stress, depression and anxiety prenatally affect the baby?

A

Lower birthweight and higher baseline HPA axis activity

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9
Q

Low quality care in children is associated with…

A

higher HPA axis activity, and more behavioural problems later in life

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10
Q

In environments with extreme deprivation, what happens to the HPA axis?

A

lower than normal HPA axis activity is noted (down-regulation of the pituitary gland)

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11
Q

Which lobe is particularly vulnerable to stress in adolescence?

A

Frontal lobe (involved in planning, inhibition, initiation, reasoning)

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12
Q

Why are adolescence highly sensitive to stress?

A

Sex hormones levels affect HPA activity

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13
Q

In adults, chronic stress is related to smaller ______

A

hippocampus (memory formation)

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14
Q

Decreased capacity of glucocorticoids to inhibit the HPA system leads to

A

Increased reactivity to stress

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15
Q

What are 3 protective factors?

A

Internal locus of control

Higher social status

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16
Q

what are 8 ways of coping

A 
self-awareness
Time management and economy of effort
Cultivating social support system
Exercise and diet
Relaxation
Attitude
Automatic thoughts, locus of control, schemas
Artificial methods of coping
17
Q

What are the 2 major categories of sleep disorders

A

Parasomnias (transitions of sleep)

Dyssomnia (amount of sleep)

18
Q

What are the parasomnias sleep disorders

A

nightmare disorder, sleep terror disorder, REM sleep behaviour disorder, non-REM sleep arousal disorders

19
Q

What are the dyssomnia sleep disorders

A

Hypersomnia, insomnia, narcolepsy, circadian rhythm sleep disorder

20
Q

What’s nightmare disorder?

A

Repeated awakenings from sleep with detailed recal off extremely frightened dreams

21
Q

At what sleep period does nightmare disorder happen?

A

usually occurs in the last half of sleep period

22
Q

What is Non-Rem sleep arousal disorder?

A

Recurrent episodes of abrupt awakenings with amnesia for the epiosde

23
Q

What happens during Non-REM sleep arousal disorder?

A

Night terrors or sleep walking

24
Q

At what stage of the sleep period does non-REM sleep arousal disorder?

A

in the first third of sleep period

25
Q

What is REM sleep behaviour disorder?

A

Repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviour

26
Q

Which paraomnia is consistent with dream content?

A

REM sleep behaviour disorder

27
Q

When does REM sleep behaviour disorder occur?

A

Last third of sleep period

28
Q

What is hypersomnia?

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness for at least one month

Prolonged sleep periods and/or daily napping

29
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Difficulty initiating sleep, maintaining sleep, or experiencing non-restorative sleep for at least one month

30
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep that occur daily for at least three months
Cataplexy and/or intrusion of REM into sleep transitions

31
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

Sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone

32
Q

What is hypnopompic hallucinations?

A

waking - you’re not fully awake and the dream intrudes

33
Q

What is hypnagogic hallucinations?

A

fall asleep - you’re not fully asleep yet and the dream intrudes

34
Q

What is circadiam rhythm sleep disorder?

A

Excessive sleepiness or insomnia due to mismatch between sleep-wake schedule required by the environment and patient’s circadian sleep-wake pattern

Psychopathology (9 decks)

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