Lecture 6 - Depressive Disorders And Bipolar Disorders Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the 2 groupings of mood disorder
Unipolar mood disorder and bipolar mood disorders
What are the 3 unipolar disorders
Major depressive disorder
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
What is the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder
Presence of a single major depressive episode and no history of a manic episode
What is the one major depressive criteria that needs to be present among a minimum of four others
Depressed mood, almost every day
OR/AND
Markedly diminished interest or pleasure
What’s the difference between persistent depressive disorder and MDD?
Dysthymia is less severe than MDD but last for a long time - it’s almost their personality
Example: EOR from Winnie the Pooh
What are the 3 bipolar disorders?
Bipolar type 1
Bipolar type 2
Cyclothymia
Hypotonic episode does not …. (3)
Cause marked impairment in social and occupation functioning, does not require hospitalization and does not have psychotic features
What is diagnostic criteria for bipolar type 1
At least one manic or mixed episode.
Major depressive episode is not required for diagnosis, but most patients have one
What’s is the DC for bipolar type 2
Recurrent major depressive episodes with hypomanic episode
Difference between manic, mixed and hypomanic episodes
?
What is the bipolar equivalent to dysthemia
Cyclothymia
What is cyclothymia?
Hypomanic episodes with depressive episodes that do not meet criteria for MDE
Two-year duration
What are some specifiers for bipolar and depressive disorder
With anxiety distress Melancholic features Atypical features Psychotic features Catalonia With seasonal pattern (MDD only) Rapid cycling
What is the most common specifier for bipolar and depressive disorders?
Atypical features
What are the 3 severity criteria of mood disorders ?
Mild
Moderate severe
What is the heritability of MDD
36%
What is the heritability of bipolar disorder?
80% or higher
What is the famous monoamine hypothesis
Insufficient serotonin and other monoamines in the brain BUT reductions in serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine are not always associated with depression
SSRIs immediately increase serotonin levels, but depression symptoms take weeks to change
What are the areas of less activation in the brain in major depression
Amygdala, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate
What are the areas with greater activation in major depression
insula, hypothalamus
Mood disorders are more common in indivduals with which type of attachment style
Anxious./avoidant and insecure
What are the cognitive theories backing up the etiology of mood disorders
maladaptive thoughts (cognitive distortions) & schemas may represent a diathesis
What are behavioural theories role in explaining etiology of mood disorders
Emphasize maintenance of the mood disorder
Avoidance of pleasurable activities
What are 3 empirically validated treatments for major depressive disorder?
CBT, interpersonal and brief psychodynamic therapy
