Lecture 4: Aquatic ecosystems Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
Abiotic factors that distinguish aquatic ecosystem
A
- Salinity
- Hardness
- Temperature
- Dissolved oxygen
- pH
- Nutrients
- Turbidity
2
Q
is the amount of dissolved salt
- formed by weathering rocks
A
Salinity
3
Q
higher salinity water is more _____
A
dense
4
Q
The ____ saline the water is the ___ it is
A
-more
- denser
5
Q
A
Hardness
6
Q
measures the average kinetic energy of the water molecules
A
Temperature
7
Q
the availability of sunlight _____ with water depth
A
- decreases
8
Q
is the amount of oxygen gas per mL of water
A
dissolved oxygen
9
Q
is a measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of water
A
pH
10
Q
pH of rainwater
A
5.6 due to mixing with CO2p
11
Q
pH of Acid water
A
<4.5 due to mixing with sulfur
12
Q
pH of ocean water
A
8.1 due to carbonate (CO3)
13
Q
are nitrates and phosphate that run off from land
A
nutrients
14
Q
measures water cloudiness and also increase
A
turbidity
15
Q
Biotic factors that distinguish aquatic ecosystems
A
- Plankton
- Nekton
- Bethos
- Decomposers
16
Q
small, free floating or weakly swimming
A
Plankton
17
Q
2 types of plankton
A
- Phytoplankton
- Zooplankton
18
Q
plankton that are plant-like
A
phytoplankton
19
Q
plankton that are animal-like
A
Zooplankton
20
Q
large independent swimmers
- (eg. fishes)
A
Nekton
21
Q
“bottom dwellers”
- may do not move or move very seldom
A
Benthos
22
Q
break down dead organisms and waste, cycling nutrients back into the water
A
Decomposers
23
Q
Types of Aquatic ecosystems
A
- Freshwater ecosystems
- Coastal ecosystems
- Ocean ecosystems
24
Q
are areas NATURALLY filled with water
A
Lakes and Ponds
25
Parts of lakes and ponds
- Littoral zone
- Linnetic zone (Photic)
- Profundal Zone
26
nearest to the shore
- waters there are warm and shallow
Littoral zone
27
is an open water area too deep for emergent plants
Linnetic zone (Photic)
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warm and sunlit, supports phytoplankton
Photic
29
is cold and aphotic
- Where bottom dwellers are
Profundal zone
30
low productive
- less than 1% of sunlight
aphotic
31
Types of lakes
a. Oligotrophic
b. Eutrophic`
32
Lakes that have LOW nutrients, limiting algae and phytoplankton growth
- Low turbidity
Oligoteophic
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lakes that have high nutrients level, and excessive algae growth
- very high turbidity
Eutrophic
34
Difference of steams and rivers
- Streams are narrow channel
- Rivers are wider
35
Parts of rivers
1. The headwaters or river source
2. Transition zones
3. Mouth
36
Has higher dissolved oxygen
- low nutrients
- cold water temperature
- low turbidity (oligotrophic)
- no salinity
The headwaters or river source
37
- widens and deepens
- becomes water
- decrease dissolved oxygen
- increase nutrient level
transition zones
38
within transition zones, are flood-plains that regularly flood
Floodplains
39
where the rivers enter the ocean
- low dissolved oxygen
- high nutrients
- warm water temperature
- High turbidity (eutrophic)
- moderate salinity
Mouth
40
are areas containing soils that are usually waterlogged (completely saturated in water)
Wetlands
41
Example of wetlands
- Marshes
- Swamps
- Bogs
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are found in low-lying, treeless areas.
marshes
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are low-lying wetlands dominated by trees
swamps
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have floating mats of plant matter that living plants grow on
Bogs
45
Adaptations of Wetland Organisms
1. Floating
2. Carnivorous
3. Emergent
46
fewer vascular tissues needed since water is abundant, making them lighter
(eg. water lily)
Floating
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Capture and digest insects to increase nitrogen and phosphorus absorption
carnivorous
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many empty spaces in tissues to allow oxygen to flow through the plant and into submerged roots
Emergent
49
(6) Coastal ecosystems / Salt water wetlands
- Tidal effects
- Coastal lagoons
- estuary
- deltas
- Salt marshes
- Mangrove forests
50
are saltwater wetlands areas that are continually covered and uncovered by the tides
Tidal effects
51
are saltwater wetlands that are seperated from the ocean by sandbanks or coral reefs
Coastal Lagoons
52
are partially enclosed bodies of water where river water mixes with seawater, forming brackish water
Estuary
53
are landforms at river mouth formed by deposited sediment
Deltas
54
as rivers reach the ____, their current ____
-ocean
-slows
55
The sedimen is ____ at the ____ ocean shore
-sediment
-shallow
56
are tidal flats dominated by herbs and grasses
Salt marshes
57
have trees with roots that can filter salts
Mangrove forests
58
includes
ocean ecosystems
59
parts of oceans
- intertidal zone
- the coastal zone
- open ocean zones
- The photic zone
- the abbysal plain
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alternates from submerged during high tide to dry during low tide.
Intertidal zones
61
the result of the gravitational pull of the sun and moon.
Tides
62
the sun and moon’s gravity align, creating the greatest tidal range.
During spring tides
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the sun and moon’s gravity are perpendicular, resulting in the smallest tidal range.
During Neap tides
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substrate is hard and stable, erosion is slow
Rocky shores
65
substrate is shifting and unstable
Sandy shores
66
Common types of sands
- Black (Volcanic rock)
- Brown (Quartz)
- White (coral)
67
is a shallow sea ecosystem immedietly above continental shelf
The coastal zone
68
is the ecosystem built on exoskeleton
The coral reef
69
Coral is a _______ relationship between ____ organisms
- symbiotic relationship
- two
70
two organisms in symbiotic relationship in coral
- Polyps- which build the calcium carbonate exoskleton
- Algae- , which photosynthesize most of the coral’s food.
71
is an important sink in the carbon cycle and helps to maintain ocean pH
Calcium carbonate
72
- includes all areas beyond the
continental shelf.
- Low nutrient availability limits plankton.
- “Marine Desert”
Open Ocean zones
73
includes all areas beyond the continental shelf
- low nutrient- availability limits plankton
The open ocean
74
contains sunlight; enough perform to perform photosynthesis
The Photic zone
75
Many apotic zones species are ______ can produce and emit light
bioluminescent
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receives no light; and all food webs are based around scavenging and decomposition
The Abyssal Plain
77
which is receive by the abyssal plain
marine snow
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are fissures in the abyssal plain where heated water and minerals are released
Hydrothermal vents
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Organisms that can generate food from these chemicals (from hydrothermal vents) perform
chemosynthesis
