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z Bio104: Gen. Ecology > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Investigates how organisms interact with each other and with abiotic factors

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Deals with the higher level of biological organization

A

Ecology

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3
Q

Level of Biological Organization (in order)

A

Subatomic particles –> atoms –> compounds –> organelle –> cells –> tissue –> organ –> organ system –> organism –> population –> Biological community/community –> ecosystem –> biosphere

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4
Q

Group of same species

A

population

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5
Q

group of different species

A

Biological Community/ Community

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6
Q

single organisms or population of species

A

Auteocology

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7
Q

group of several kinds of organisms

A

Synecology

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8
Q

works as a whole

A

System

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9
Q

the physical surroundings

A

Environment

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10
Q
  • includes biotic and abiotic, interactions between living and nonliving
  • organisms have role in this system
A

Ecosystem

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11
Q

the functional role played by an organism in an ecosystem

A

niche

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12
Q

Coined the term ‘Oekologie’ in 1869

A

Ernst Haeckel

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13
Q

Oekologie is from the 2 greek words, which is

A

‘oikos’ and ‘logos’

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14
Q

oikos

A

house

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15
Q

logos

A

the study of

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16
Q

Father of ecology

A

Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859)

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17
Q

“Oecological”Plant Geography

A

Johannes Warming (1895)

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18
Q

Coined the term “Tropical Rain forest”

A

Andreas Franz Wilhem Schimper

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19
Q

Introduced plant succession

A

Henry Chandler Cowles

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20
Q

Types of Successions

A

Primary and secondary successions

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21
Q

a type of succession that starts from the scratch

A

Primary Succession

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22
Q

a type of succession that already has established communities but something happened, eg. fire/forest fire

A

Secondary Succession

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23
Q

Introduced organism concept

A

Fredric Clements

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24
Q

Plant community structure

A

Josias Brown-Blanguet

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25
Tropic/Feeding levels
August Thiernermann
26
Father of Limnology
Francois Alphonse Forel (1868)
27
Study of inland waters, eg. lakes (both freshwater and saline), reservoirs, rivers, streams, wetlands, and groundwate
Limnology
28
Wrote the Book "Lake as Microcosm"
Stephen Alfred Forbes
29
First book "animal ecology"
Charles Elton (1927)
30
Ecological Animal Geography
Richard Hesse (1924)
31
Published the first book- " A guide to the study of Animal Ecology"
Charles Christopher Adams
32
Introduced 'Law of Tolerance'
Victor Ernest Shelford
33
Father of Modern ecology
George Evelyn Hutchinson
34
Introduced the 'Ecosystem Concept'
Arthur George Tansley
35
"Principal of Animal Ecology"
Warder Clyde Allec
36
Fundamentals of Ecology
Howard Thomas Odum
37
Experimental Ecology
Alfred Lotka and Vito Volterra
38
Competition theory; predator prey.
Georgy Gause
39
Intraspecific Competetion
Arnold Joseph Nicholson
40
competetion within the same species
Intraspecific Competetion
41
Niche concept
Henry A. Gleason
42
Population Regulation
Herbert Andrewartha
43
Instinctive and aggresive behavior
Lorenz and Tinbergen
44
Population density versus resources
Thomas Malthus (1798)
45
Evolutionary Origin
- Charles Darwin - Ernst Haeckel
46
Charles Darwin- natural selection as ___ ___
ecological process
47
4 Divisions of Ecology
- Based on System Studied - Based on Mechanism/Function - Based on the level of organization - Based on taxonomic group studied.
48
Subdivisions of Ecology
- Auteocology - Synecology
49
(3) approaches of ecology
- System Ecology - Evolutionary Ecology - Population ecology
50
Symbiotic Relationships
- mutualism - commensalism, - parasitism
51
Both species benefits.
Mutualism
52
an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.
Commensalism
53
relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing the host organism.
Parasitism
54
Types of Scale
- Biological Scale - Spatial Scale - Temporal Scale
55
only for organization Individial Organism --> Populations --> Communities --> Ecosystem
Biological Scale
56
the study of area can be as small as within an organism an entire biosphere
Spatial scale
57
succession studies changes in community composition or ecosystem properties through time. can be matter of hours, thousand of years or all in between long term studies (>3) are difficult to do.
Temporal Scale
58
Scale of Ecological Investigations
-Individual Space - Local patch/ ecological neighborhood - Regional scale - Biogeographcal Scale.
59
Kinds of evidence used by ecologist (Testing methods)
- Observation and monitoring - Manipulative field experiments - Laboratory experiments including complex and simple system - Mathematical Modelling
60
is the act of viewing or noting on detail, fact, or occurence
Observation
61
- an educated guess - a testable explanation of prediction based on the observation and scientists prior knowledge
hypotheses
62
to test the hypothesis under controlled conditions with defined variables
experiment
63
kinds of variables
- Independent Variable - Dependent Variable - Controlled Variable
64
new factor that is to be introduced or tested
Independent Variable
65
measured result that it influenced by the independence variable
Dependent Variable
66
kept contrast so they do not influence the dependent variable
Controlled Variable
67
includes all of the measurements and observations made during the experiment.
Data
68
states whether the hypothesis is supported by the experiment
conclusion
69
involves publishing the results for other scientist to review and check for error, bias or uncontrolled variables.
Peer review
70
is an estimate of how different as a resul is from the actual value
margin of error
71
the experiment to turn out in a certain way
Bias
72
reduce bias by ensuring the test subjects not to know whether they in the experiment or controll group
blind experiments
73
prevent both scientist and subjects from knowing which is the experimental group
double-blind experiments
74
observed when they are statiscal variables which have a relationship that not be expected by chance alone
Correlation

z Bio104: Gen. Ecology (6 decks)

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