Lecture 4: chest Flashcards Preview

Pdx > Lecture 4: chest > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lecture 4: chest Deck (29)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

thorax

A

between neck and diaphragm

2
Q

bronchi

A

air passaged with irregularly placed plates of hyaline cartilage, interlacing networks of smooth muscle and a mucous membrane of columnar ciliated epithelium

3
Q

bronchioles

A

tine (less than 1 mm in diameter), branching airways tat lead from the bronchi to the alveoli. they have elastic fibers and smooth muscle.

4
Q

oxygen exchange begins at the…

A

respiratory brionchioles and continues at the alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs.

5
Q

pain in the lungs

A

the lung tissue itself doesn’t have pain fibers, pain usually arises from inflammation o the adjacent parietal pleura.

6
Q

5 A’s of tobacco cessation

A

Ask, Advise, Asses (pts readiness), Assist, arrange for follow-up

7
Q

Who should get the strep pneumonia vaccine?

A

adults older then 65. Pt 2-64 with chronic illnesses. Immunocompromised, Alaskan natives

8
Q

the pulmonary exam (4)

A

inspect, palpate, percuss, auscultate

9
Q

pectus excavatum vs. pectus carinatum

A

sticking in vs sticking out

10
Q

cheyne-stokes breathing

A

periods of deep breathing alternating with apnea

11
Q

Boit’ breathing

A

unpredictable irregularity with breaths that may be shallow or deep and stop for short periods. causes include respiratory depression and brain damage

12
Q

kussmaul breathing

A

fast, normal or slow deep breathing. Due to metabolic acidosis

13
Q

barrel chest

A

increased AP diameter

14
Q

increased fremitus in …

A

fluid/pus/blood is in the lung. ex. pneumonia

15
Q

decreased fremitus

A

voice vibrations transmitted to the chest wall are blocked by a cushion of fluid outside the lung ex. pneumothorax

16
Q

how many places on chest/back for fremitus?

A

3, 4

17
Q

how many locations for chest/back for percussion?

A

6, 7

18
Q

diaphragmatic excursion

A

difference in position of lower lung fields between inspiration and expiration

19
Q

vesicular breath sounds

A

inspiratory longer than expiratory. Pitch is soft, over most of both lungs

20
Q

bronchovesicular sounds

A

inspiratory and expiratory are the same length. Intermediate pitch.

21
Q

Bronchial breath sounds

A

expiratory sounds last longer than inspiratory, loud pitch

22
Q

tracheal breath sounds

A

equal sounds, very loud pitch

23
Q

crackles/rales

A

intermittent, nonmusical and brief sounds created when air is forced through respiratory passages that are narrowed by fluids, mucus or pus. Heard on inspiration.

24
Q

wheezes

A

a continuous, coarse, whistling sound (heard on expiration). Thought to occur due to narrowing in the respiratory tree and increased airflow velocities across the narrowed spaces.

25
Q

stridor

A

type of high pitched wheeze that is primarily inspiration, loud over the neck than chest and indicated partial obstruction of the larynx or trachea

26
Q

rhonchi

A

similar to wheeze though lower pitch with snoring like quality. Suggests secretions in the large airways.

27
Q

bronchophony

A

normally sounds becomes less distinct and much softer when pt speaks. If there is consolidation then the sound is very loud and

28
Q

whispered pectoriloquy

A

normal: sound hardly heard

if present you will be able to distinguish clearly

29
Q

egophony

A

pt says “e” and results in “a” sound. caused by an increased resonance of voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs due to compressed lung tissue