Lecture 4: Endocrine Flashcards
The endocrine system work with the nervous system to handle what 2 responsibilities
- Homeostasis
2. Feedback mechanisms
What is a key difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system
- Nervous system is fast acting and reacting
- Endocrine system slow but long lasting response
What are endocrine glands and their primary functions (3)
- units of secretion
- to create, release and distribute hormones
What are the 6 endocrine glands
- Pineal body or gland (a.k.a epiphysis)
- Pituitary (a.k.a. hypophysis)
- Thyroid
- Parathyroid
- Thymus
- Adrenal
What are the endocrine tissues and organs
- partly hormonopoietic
- they have the capacity to create hormones but that is not their primary function
Name the 10 endocrine organs
- Pancreas
- Ovaries
- Testicles
- Kidneys
- Stomach
- Adipose tissue
- Small intestine
- Skin
- Heart
- Placenta
What hormones does the pancreas produce
- insulin
- glucagon
What hormones do the ovaries produce
- estrogen
- progestrone
What hormones do the testicles produce
-testosterone
What hormones do the kidneys produce
-erythropoietin
What hormones does the stomach produce
- gastrin
- serotonin
What hormones does adipose tissue produce
-leptin
What hormones does the small intestine produce
- secretin
- cholecystokinin
- gastrin
What hormones does the skin produce
-cholecalciferol (inactive form of vitamin D)
What hormones does the heart produce
-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
What hormones does the placenta produce
- estrogen
- progestrone
- hCG
What is a neuroendocrine organ
-translator or interface of the two systems
What is the 1 neuroendocrine organ
Hypothalamus
What are the 2 ways to classify hormones
- function
- structure
What are the 3 functional classifications of hormones
- tropic hormones (target other endocrine glands)
- sex hormones (target reproductive tissues)
- anabolic hormones (stimulate anabolism)
What are the 2 structural classifications of hormones
- steroid
- nonsteroid
What are the 4 types of nonsteroid structures of hormones
- protein
- peptide
- amino acid derivative
- glycoprotein
What is the lock and key mechanism
- the target cell has a receptor specific for the hormone that affects it
- each hormone attaches to a specific receptor
What is signal transduction principle
- the transmission of molecular signals from a cell’s exterior to it’s interior
- different hormone, different effects