Lecture 5: Special and general senses Flashcards
(160 cards)
Where are general senses found
- all over the body
- pain, touch, temp
Where are specialized senses found
- in specific areas
- they have specialized and complex receptors
- smell, taste, vision, hearing, and balance
What is sensation
- the activation of specialized cells/ receptors which send impulses to the CNS
- there is no “experience” of the sensation
What is perception
- the integration of sensory info at the level of the brain (thalamus)
- allows for the “experience” of the sensation
When do you get the experience of sensation
only when the activation of sensory receptors are integrated by the brain
What is the all or nothing principle
- neurons (& receptors) will either fire or not
- no “half potential)
What is adaptation
- decreased response from a receptor over time
- speed depends on receptor (ex. touch= fast, proprioception= slow)
What is graded response
- arises from critical threshold
- receptor will only respond to stimulus greater than threshold
- these thresholds can be altered
What are somatic senses
-senses that present throughout the body
= the genral senses
-distribution is not uniform
-two-point discrimination
Name some examples of the general senses / somatic senses
skin, mucosa, muscles, tendons, joints, viscera, etc..
What senses are specific to one area of the body
special senses
ex. photoreceptors (retina)
What are the 3 different ways to classify receptors
- location
- stimulus
- structure
What are the 3 different kinds of receptors classified by location
- Exterocaptors
- Visceroceptors
- Proprioceptors
What are Exteroceptors
- on or near surface of body
- respond to external stimuli
- includes special sense organs
- pain, touch, temp
what are Visceroceptors
- located internally, within viscera
- typically stimulated by pressure, stretching, chem changes
- mediate hunger and thirst
what are proprioceptors
- special type of visceroceptor
- limited to skeletal muscle, tendons, joints
- info bat movement, orientation
- tonic vs phasic
What are the 6 different kinds of receptors classified by stimulus
- Mechanoreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
- Thermoceptors
- Nociceptors
- Photoreceptors
- Osmoreceptors
What stimulates mechanoreceptors
mechanical stimulus changes shape or position of receptor
What stimulates chemoreceptors
- respond to chemical compounds
- either total amount or change in concentration
what stimulates thermoreceptors
changes in temp
what stimulates nociceptors
- respond to tissue damage which is perceived as pain
- toxins, light, sound, pressure, heat
what stimulates photoreceptors
respond to light
what stimulates osmoreceptors
- respond to osmotic pressure
- large concentration in hypothalamus
What are the 2 kinds of receptors classified by structure
- Free nerve endings
- Encapsulated nerve endings
(somatic receptors only )