Lecture 4: specific clinical actions

Question 1

Procaine
Proprietary name?
Type of LA?
Onset of action?

Answer 1

Novocain
Ester LA
6-10m

Question 2

What LA is excreted mostly as PABA?

Answer 2

Procaine

Question 3

Propoxycaine HCl
Proprietary name?
Type of LA?
Onset of action?

Answer 3

Ravocaine
Ester LA
2-3m (RAPID)

Question 4

Which LA has the highest vasodilating property?

Answer 4

Procaine

Question 5

Lidocaine
Proprietary name?
Type of LA?
Onset of action?
Concentration?

Answer 5

Xylocaine, Lignospan, Lignocaine
Amide LA
3-5m (RAPID)
2% with 1:100,000 epi
2% with 1:50,000 epi

Question 6

Which LA produces xylidide as a by-product of metabolism?

Answer 6

Lidocaine

Question 7

Mepivacaine HCl
Proprietary name?
Type of LA?
Onset of action?
Concentration?

Answer 7

Carbocaine, Polocaine
Amide LA
3-5m (RAPID)
3% PLAIN
2% with 1:20,000 levonordefrin

Question 8

Prilocaine HCl
Proprietary name?
Type of LA?
Onset of action?
Concentration?

Answer 8

Citanest
Amide LA
3-5m (slightly slower than lidocaine)
4%
4% w/ 1:200,000 epi

Question 9

Which LA produces orthotoluidine as a by-product of metabolism?

Answer 9

Prilocaine

Question 10

Which LA can be broken down in the kidney and lungs?

Answer 10

Prilocaine

Question 11

Which LA produces carbon dioxide as an end product?

Answer 11

Prilocaine

Question 12

Articaine HCl
Proprietary name?
Type of LA?
Onset of action?
Concentration?

Answer 12

Septocaine, Articadent, Orabloc, Zorcaine
Amide AND Ester LA
1-2m (RAPID)
4% with 1:100,00 epi
4% with 1:200,00 epi

Question 13

Bupivacaine HCl

Answer 13

Marcaine, Vivicaine
Amide LA
6-10m
0.5% with 1:200,00 epi

Question 14

Benzocaine
Proprietary name?
Type of LA?

Answer 14

Anbesol, Hurricaine, Numzident, Orajel, Topex

Ester TOPICAL LA

Question 15

Cocaine HCl
Type of anesthetic?
Onset of action?
Concentration?

Answer 15

Ester
1m (RAPID)
Not to exceed 4% for topical conc

Question 16

Lidocaine base 5%
Type of LA?
Onset of action?

Answer 16

Amide TOPICAL LA (INSOLUBLE!)

Slower than benzocaine

Question 17

Among the amide-type injectable LAs, rank them in vasodilating properties

Answer 17

Bupivacaine > Lidocaine=Articaine > Prilocaine > Mepivacaine

Question 18

Among the amide-type injectable LAs, rank them in their onset of action

Answer 18

Articaine > Lidocaine=Mepivacaine > Prilocaine > Bupivacaine

Question 19

Which LAs are short-acting?

Answer 19

3% Mepivacaine PLAIN

4% Prilocaine plain infiltration

Question 20

Which LAs are intermediate-acting?

Answer 20

Prilocaine 4% nerve block
Articaine 4% w/ 1:200,000 epi
Lidocaine 2% w/ 1:100,000/50,000 epi
Mepivacaine 2% w/ 1:20,000 levonordefrin
Articaine 4% w/ 1:100,000 epi
Prilocaine 4% w/ 1:200,000 epi

Question 21

Which LAs are long-acting?

Answer 21

Bupivacaine 5% w/ 1:200:000 epi

Question 22

Which LA(s) is/are secondary amines?

Answer 22

Prilocaine

Question 23

Which LA(s) is/are tertiary amines?

Answer 23

All other amines except Prilocaine