Lecture 4 - Vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic and sacral curvatures

A

Primary kyphotic (anteriorly concave)

Occurs during fetal period

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2
Q

Cervical and lumbar curvatures

A

Lordotic (posteriorly concave)

Occur during childhood when baby lifts heads and sits up

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3
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A
7 cervical 
12 thoracic
5 lumbar 
5 sacral
4 coccygeal 

= 33

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4
Q

Which vertebrae are relatively mobile?

A

Cervical and Lumbar

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5
Q

Why are vertebrae bigger as you move down the spin?

A

Greater compressive forces

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6
Q

Functions of the vertebral column

A
  1. Supports the weight of the skull, pelvis, thoracic cage and upper limbs
  2. Protects the spinal cord and cauda equina
  3. Posture and locomotion
  4. Bone marrow is a site of haematopoiesis
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7
Q

Components of vertebral arch

A

2 lamina

2 pedicles

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8
Q

Lamina

A

Connects the transverse processes to the spinous process

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9
Q

Pedicles

A

Connects the transverse processes to the vertebral body

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10
Q

Facet joint - zygapophyseal joint

A

Formed when the superior and inferior articulating facets articulate.

Prevents anterior and posterior slippage

Synovial joint lined with hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

Components of intervertebral discs

A

70% water
20% collagen
10% proteoglycans

Makes up 1/4 of the vertebral column

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12
Q

Regions of the intervertebral discs

A

Nucleus pulposus - central

Annulus fibrosus - peripheral

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13
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Lamella of annular bands of collagen in varying orientations

Outer lamellae - Type 1 collagen
Inner lamellae - fibrocartilagionous

Major shock absorber - highly resilient to axial compression (stronger than vertebral body)

Avascular
Aneural

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14
Q

Nucleus Pulposus

A

Remnant of notochord

Gelatinous type 2 collagen

High oncotic pressure

Decreases in height during the day due to mechanical load and with age

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15
Q

Location of the annulus pulposus in infants compared to adults

A

Infants- central

Adults - more posterior

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16
Q

4 factors that contribute to vertebral column stability and motility

A
  1. Spinous ligaments
  2. Angle of the facet joints
  3. Width of intervertebral discs
  4. Whether the vertebrae are fused