lecture 5 Flashcards
define individualism
each person is motivated by self-interest to elevate their own wellbeing with the least efforts and resources possible
who is responsible for ones health in the current view of health policy?
the individual themselves
Macro-social
Refers to large-scale social, economic, political and cultural forces that influence the life course of masses of people simultaneously
what is epidemiology concerned with?
The distribution of disease and death and their determinants and consequences
diseases can be ____ and _____
Communicable
Non-communicable
What is “epidemiological transition”
Disease patterns, determinants and consequences
explain “The Model Minority” and give an example
People who are perceived to be at a higher socio economic success in comparison to the population average
Ex. chinese immigrants were viewed as the model minority (very hardworking, etc)
Used by government to compare to other minority groups as an example of how it is not a systemic issue
Discrimination developed and changed over time, policially convenient if their beneficial to the economy etc
list the “highers” and “lowers” of poverty
Lower:
Life expectancy
Living conditions
Access to health care
Higher:
Suicide rates
Suffering from chronic diseases/conditions
Food insecurity
Percent of their income to pay for health care expenses (ex. Dental, prescription medications, health insurance)
Food Insecurity
Not enough money to buy nutritious foods
___ of indigenous ppl in urban areas live in poverty
1/4
what % of ppl are in severely poor/bad housing
5
In canada, ___% of people fall below the low income percentage
10%
what did increase of industrialization lead to?
increase of productivity and wages
in the 1970s, wages become _____ and productivity ______
wages become stagnant while productivity increases
Greatest peaks of inequality is a direct result of __________?
the top 1% of earners taking home all the money and not putting it back into the system
how do wealthy people get candidates they like in power?
spend money on lobbyists to influence political infrastructure of the country
increased income inequality leads to?
increased political polarization
what occured in the 1980s?
upward income mobility
what was upward income mobility?
low income groups (those in bottom 10%) were able to move up in income
specifically, 72% of them
Whitehall study methods and findings
METHODS:
Looking at the interactions between social class, psychosocial factors and lifestyle as the determinants of disease
Social rank of individuals (job title), health detriments around the heart and gut
Everyone had the same access to healthcare (control variable)
25 yrs
RESULTS:
Individuals with lower social rank were more likely to have heart disease and more likely to have fat around the abdomen and gut.
For every decrease in lower ranking people, there is a corresponding increase in health issues
What buffered it? Lower rank have decreased job security → increase stress
Lower perception of self agency in their jobs
Find other ways to regain that hierarchy and control
Do politics belong in science?
answer + state why
yes, Policies inform science and vice versa. The two cannot be isolated
who developed Phrenology
Franz Gall
What was phrenology + its beliefs?
One of the earliest forms of neuroscience and psychology
The human mind could be divided into distinct regions in the brain, measurable through cranial bumps (cranial palpitation)
essentially the theory was shape of a skull indicates mental abilities
describe relationship between phrenology and racism
Used to form associations of brain structure and racial type
(ex; hindoo brain is small but european brain is large)
Used to justify and defend slavery on the basis of “inferior race”
