Lecture #5 Flashcards
What is Molecular Systematics also known as?
Nucleic Acid Systematics
What did early Molecular systematics use?
Proteins- enzyme iso forms as determined by electrophoresis
What is an Alloenzyme?
Different enzymes form different alleles of the same locus
-products of different loco with eh same function
How do you determine band size?
Use genomic, mitochondrial or chloroplast DNA
- Isolate
- Cut with restriction enzyme
- Run it in electrophoresis to determine band size
What is the Fingerprint method?
Breaks chunks of DNA into pieces,
They recognize the certain base pair sequence and cut it
Does the same band length correlate to being homologous?
They aren’t necessarily homologous, they could be the same # of base pairs but could have different sequences
What is AFLP?
Type if fingerprint method distinguishing closely related taxa
- Amplified Fragment length polymorphism
- uses restriction enzymes to digest DNA
- Ligation adaptors to the sticker ends of the restriction fragments
What is RAPD?
Type if fingerprint method distinguishing closely related taxa
- Random amplification of polymorphic DNA
- Segments are amplified at random
- creates several short primers and then uses it against large template of genomic data
What is SSR?
Type if fingerprint method distinguishing closely related taxa
- Simple Sequence Repeat
- used as a primer
- also calle micro satellites
What are the purpose of primers?
They amplify the sequence down the line from them
what do you need to remember with microsatelites?
you need to know the flanking regions of the sequence you want to amplify
What is a Fingerprint?
Comparing individuals of the same species and closely related species
What are the 4 things that make nucleotides so good?
- huge # of independent characters
- Aligned bases are considered homologous
- Character states are unambiguous
- Through molecular evolution you can make trees and can be evaluated as to how well they fit
What are protein coding genes influences by?
Natural selection
-so it might have impacted the sequence
What are good genes to use from chloroplasts?
rbcL and matK
-chosen plant barcode genes
