Lecture 5 Flashcards

(16 cards)

1
Q

Cultural Evolutionist

A
  • pushing for the idea of social learning above evolutionary adaptive traits
  • diverse environments would’ve made social learning more effective because its quicker
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2
Q

Critique of evolutionary adapting taste for high fats and sugar

A

it is reductive to say that we have that desire ‘to keep you alive in ancient societies’

-how much of an explanation of modern obesity is it?
(we don’t know that)

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3
Q

Gene-Culture Co-Evolution

A

we are imitators, adapting in part of our cultural environment.

(e.g., sure there is a mismatch between food and lifestyle, but this is due to cultural evolution more than a genetic one)

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4
Q

Human Behavioural ecology

A

focuses on explaining how things are adaptive/non-adaptive in the present.

(e.g., comparing how much many individuals have and how healthy their diets are.)

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5
Q

Genomics

A

advances in the field of genetics that let us read DNA- proteins wrapped around Histones, the structure of the DNA, etc.

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6
Q

RNA transcripts role

A

it reads genetics code (the letters) which then get expressed as different expressions dependent on the letter combination.

(e. g., CGA gets read as arginine- genetic code)
- this process is the only sense in which there is a genetic code- in the mapping from particular codons in the RNA to their corresponding amino acids

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7
Q

Central dogma of genetics

A

DNA–>RNA—>Proteins

-one way flow of information, replication off DNA, transcription in RNA, and translation in proteins

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8
Q

What are some way variation occurs at the genetic level?

A
  • Breeding: any two people can create over 8 million unique genotypes
  • mutations: can lead to the creation of phenotypes not in parents, usually harmful
  • Recombination events: when paired chromosomes can exchange DNA during meiosis is another way variation occurs
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9
Q

Heritability estimates

A

tell us about characteristics of populations under study, not the characteristic itself.

‘proportion of variation in a phenotypic characteristic associated with genetic variation’

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10
Q

Inheritance (Dupre)

A

the tendency of offspring to be more similar to their parents than to other members of the population.

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11
Q

Typical definition of ‘heritable’

A

of a characteristic, affected by variation in genes and therefore transmissible genetically from parent to offspring

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12
Q

Methods of studying heritability

A
  • Twin studies: using MZ or DZ twins

- Adoption studies: are adopted children more like biological parents or adopted parents

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13
Q

Developmental bias

A

Organisms constructed in development and developmental processes non-randomly direct selection

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14
Q

Plasticity

A

generates traits well suited to the environment which directs further selection

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15
Q

Niche Construction

A

Organisms often co-construct and coevolve with their environments and in so doing change the environment within which they evolve

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16
Q

Extra-genetic inheritance

A

epigenetic, or socially transmitted behaviour