Lecture 5

Question 1

What are the bones that are located in the pectoral region?

Answer 1

Clavicles
Sternum- manubrium, body, xiphoid
Ribs
Scapula

Question 2

What is the function of the fascia in the axilla?

Answer 2

defines borders, covers the muscles, creates potential spaces

Question 3

Superficial fascia 3 components

Answer 3

platysma
superclavicular nerves
anterior and lateral branches of the intercostal nerves

Question 4

platysma

Answer 4

flat sheet of muscle that covers the shoulder, neck, and face; development varies from person to person

Question 5

What are the borders of the deltopectoral triangle?

Answer 5

deltoid, pectoralis muscle, middle 1/3 of the clavicle

Question 6

What is located inside the deltopectoral triangle?

Answer 6

cephalic vein, deltopectoral lymph nodes, deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery

Question 7

clavipectoral fascia

Answer 7

covers the subclavicus and pectorals minor

Question 8

What is the attachment of the clavipectoral fascia?

Answer 8

clavicle and anterior thoracic wall

Question 9

What are the 3 things that “pierce” through the clavipectoral fascia?

Answer 9

cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery, and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 10

What is the broad function of the clavipectoral fascia?

Answer 10

to act as the suspensory ligament of the axilla

Question 11

Pectoralis major

• innervation
• proximal attachment
• distal attachment

Answer 11

innervated by the ventral rami of the spinal nerves via the brachial plexus
proximal attachment: clavicular head and the sternocostal head
distal attachment: humerus

Question 12

pectoralis minor

• innervation
• proximal attachment
• distal attachment

Answer 12

innervated by the ventral rami of the spinal nerves via the brachial plexus
proximal attachment: 3-5 rib
distal attachment: coracoid process of the scapula

Question 13

subclavius

• innervation
• proximal attachment
• distal attachment

Answer 13

innervated by the ventral rami of the spinal nerves via the brachial plexus

proximal: first rib and cartilage
distal: subclavian groove of the clavicle (middle third)

Question 14

serratus anterior

• innervation
• proximal attachment
• distal attachment

Answer 14

innervated by the ventral rami of the spinal nerves via the brachial plexus

proximal: external surfaces of the lateral parts of the 1-8 ribs
distal: costal aspect of the medial margin of the scapula

Question 15

What does the superficial cervical fascia contain?

Answer 15

Platysma muscle
superficial veins
cutaneous nerves

Question 16

What does the prevertebral fascia cover?

Answer 16

the muscles of the lateral triangle

around the surface of the cervical vertebrae and across the midline

Question 17

What is the anterior border of the lateral cervical triangle?

Answer 17

Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid

Question 18

What is the posterior border of the lateral cervical triangle?

Answer 18

Anterior border of the trapezius

Question 19

What is the inferior border of the lateral cervical triangle?

Answer 19

The clavicle

Question 20

What is the roof of the lateral cervical triangle?

Answer 20

skin and the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia

Question 21

List the muscles that are involved in the lateral cervical triangle

Answer 21

splenius capitis 
levator scapulae 
scalenus posterior 
scalenus medius 
scalenus anterior 
omohyoid

Question 22

What are the nerves that are in the lateral cervical triangle?

Answer 22

lesser occipital (C2)
supraclavicular (c3, c4)
Accessory (CNXI)

Question 23

What are the vessels that are located in the lateral cervical triangle?

Answer 23

occipital artery 
transverse cervical artery 
subclavian vein
subclavian artery 
external jugular vein

Question 24

What “landmark” do to subclavian veins and arteries cross in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 24

The first rib

Question 25

Where does the spinal root arise from?

Answer 25

c1-c5; fibers pass superiorly through the magnum foramen and join the cranial root

Question 26

Where does the cranial nerve arise from?

Answer 26

the medulla

Question 27

Where do both of the nerve roots exit from in the neck?

Answer 27

the jugular foramen

Question 28

What does the spinal nerve (accessory XI) innervate?

Answer 28

The sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius

Question 29

What is the anterior border of the base of the axilla?

Answer 29

The pectorals major

Question 30

What is the posterior border of the base of the axilla?

Answer 30

The latissimus dorsi

Question 31

What is the medial boundary of the base of the axilla?

Answer 31

Thoracic wall

Question 32

What is the lateral border of the base of the axilla?

Answer 32

The humerus

Question 33

What is the anterior border of the apex of the axilla?

Answer 33

clavicle

Question 34

What is the posterior border of the apex of the axilla?

Answer 34

superior border of the scapula

Question 35

What is the medial border of the apex of the axilla?

Answer 35

the first rib

Question 36

What components make up the base of the axilla?

Answer 36

Skin and superficial fascia Anterior axillary fold (pectoralis major) Posterior axillary fold (latissimus dorsi, teres major) Chest wall (serratus anterior)

Question 37

What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 37

clavicle suclavicus pectoralis major pectoralis minor

Question 38

What makes up the posterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 38

scapula subscapularis latissimus dorsi teres major

Question 39

Lateral structures of the axilla

Answer 39

inter tubercular sulcus tendon of the long head of the bicep coracobrachialis tendon

Question 40

What are the "great" vessels that are present in the axilla?

Answer 40

Axillary vein and artery cephalic vein and basilic vein (supply BUE's) axillary lymph nodes

Question 41

What are the nerves that are in the axilla?

Answer 41

long thoracic nerve cords of the brachial plexus proximal ends of the terminal nerves at the brachial plexus

Question 42

What components make up the axillary sheath?

Answer 42

axillary vein, axillary artery, brachial plexus