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Anatomy Exam 1 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS, PNS, ANS

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of the CNS

A

Unpaired, bilaterally symmetrical along the midsagittal plane
INCLUDES brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What portion of the primordial development does the CNS come from?

A

the neural tube

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the PNS?

A

transmission pathways between the CNS and external/internal environments
Afferent (to) and Efferent (away from)

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5
Q

What are the overall functions of the nervous system including the PNS and CNS

A

sensory, motor, cognitive

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6
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system include? (including sets of nerves and receptors)

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
sensory receptors in the skin and wall of the gut tube as well as tendons and skeletal muscles
motor end plates between neurons and muscles

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the ANS?

A

can be classified as a portion of the PNS
entirely motor
smooth muscle and glands
Subdivisions: parasympathetic and sympathetic

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8
Q

What type of matter (white or grey) makes up the vertebral columns?

A

White; myelinated

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9
Q

Describe the 3 different routes that a preganglionic nerve can take after leaving the vertebral column

A
  1. pass thru to the body cavity and synapse with the grey matter and go out into the body
  2. synapses with a neuron in the great ramus and loops back up into the spinal nerve
  3. synapses a neuron in the postganglionic neuron and travels to the gut
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10
Q

What are characteristics that are ALWAYS true of a preganglionic fiber? Why?

A

They are always myelinated and are activated by ACH; because they go to skeletal muscles

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11
Q

What are the 3 stages in neural tube development?

A

neural plate
neural folds
neural tube

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12
Q

What are the subdivisions of the cranial end of the tube?

A

tripartite brain

pentapartite brain

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13
Q

What does the notochord become?

A

The vertebral column

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14
Q

What are the 3 parts of the tripartite brain?

A

Prosencephalon- forebrain
Mesencephalon- midbrain
Rhombencephalon- hindbrain; medulla, pons, cerebellum

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15
Q

What are the 2 parts of the tripartite brain that diverge into other portions to form the pentapartite brain?

A

Prosencephalon creates the telencephalon and the diencephalon
Rhombencephalon creates the mesencephalon and the myelencephalon

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16
Q

What are the 4 components that make up the brain stem in the pentapartite brain?

A

Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon

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17
Q

What is the metaencephalon composed of? (What does it turn into?)

A

pons and the cerebellum

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18
Q

What does the myelencephalon turn into in the adult brain?

A

the medulla oblongata

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19
Q

What does the telencephalon turn into in the adult brain?

A

The left and right hemispheres

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20
Q

What does the diencephalon turn into in the adult brain?

A

The posterior part of the forebrain including the thalamus and hypothalamus

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21
Q

What is the lumina of the telencephalon primordia?

A

The lateral ventricles

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22
Q

What is the floor of the telencephalon primordia?

A

The basal ganglia and the olfactory lobes and nerves

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23
Q

What is the roof of the telencephalon primordia?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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24
Q

What is the lumen of the diencephalon?

A

The third ventricle

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25
What is the roof of the diencephalon primordia?
The epithalamus
26
What are the walls of the diencephalon primordia?
thalamus
27
What is the floor of the diencephalon primordia?
Hypothalamus and infundibulum
28
What is the lumen of the mesencephalon primordia?
The cerebral aqueduct
29
What is the roof of the mesencephalon primordia? And give the 2 categories?
Tectum 1. corpora bigemina in lower vertebrates 2. corpora quadrigemina in higher vertebrates (superior and inferior colliculi)
30
What is the floor of the mesencephalon primordia?
Tegmentum
31
What is the lumen of the metencephalon primordia?
part of the 4th ventricle
32
What is the roof of the metencephalon primordia?
cerebellum
33
What is the floor of the metencephalon primordia?
Pons
34
What is the lumen of the myencephalon primordia?
Rest of the fourth ventricle
35
What is the main part of the myencephalon primordia?
Medulla oblongata
36
What is the roof of the myencephalon primordia
Posterior choroid plexus
37
What is the significance of the posterior choroid plexus?
It creates CSF and is highly vascular
38
What are the 3 parts of a neuron?
Cell body Dendrites Axon
39
What is the trophic unit of the cell body?
The nourishing unit
40
What is the perikaryon of the cell body?
around the nucleus
41
What are the 2 parts of the cell body of an neuron?
the trophic unit and the perikaryon
42
Which part of the neuron is the receptive unit? Which is the conductive unit?
receptive: dendrites conductive: axon
43
Describe the cell body of a neuron
encloses the nucleus and other organelles to maintain the neuron
44
What are the cell body organelles in a neuron?
nucleus golgi apparatus RER
45
What are the characteristics of dendrites
``` Branch off the cell body several to many short branched receptors for neurotransmitters conduct local potentials ```
46
What are the characteristics of the axon?
``` The part of the neuron that carries info to another cell usually long single conducts an action potential ends in telodendria may have collateral branches ```
47
What is the cell membrane of the axon called?
The axolemma
48
What is the cytoplasm of the axon called?
The axoplasm
49
What are the end processes of the axon called?
the telodendria: terminal boutons present that contain the synaptic vesicles of neurotransmitters
50
What does the axon contain?
mitochondria, neurofilaments, neurotubules
51
What covers the axon and what are the characteristics of it?
neurolemma | made up of schwann cells; myelinated
52
Gen. def. of nucleus
aggregation of dendrites and nerve cell bodies in the CNS
53
Gen. def. of ganglion
aggregation of dendrites and nerve cell bodies in the PNS
54
Gen. def. of nerve
Bundle of fibers (axons) in the PNS
55
Gen. def. of tract
bundle of fibers (axons) in the CNS
56
Gen. def. of commissure
tract in the CNS that crosses from one side to another
57
Gen. def. of white matter
areas of myelinated axons
58
Gen. def. of grey matter
areas of unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, and dendrites
59
What are the 5 spinal nerve branches?
``` Dorsal primary ramus ventral primary ramus Ramus returens White ramus communicans Gray ramus communicans ```
60
What are the reflex arcs?
Afferent (sensory) Efferent (moto) Association neurons (interneurons)
61
What are the components of the synapse?
Presynaptic membrane: synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters Synaptic cleft Postsynaptic membrane: receptors for neurotransmitters
62
monosynaptic reflexes
only have one synapse in the spinal cord grey matter between the afferent and efferent neurons faster than polysynaptic, simple, maintain muscle length and tone
63
Polysynaptic reflexes
have multiple synapses and involve interneurons; are slower than monosynaptic
64
What are examples of the monosynaptic reflex?
Patella, jaw, ankle
65
What are the columns of the spinal cord made up of? Divisions?
White matter:posterior, lateral, anterior
66
What are the horns of the spinal cord made of? and what are the "divisions"?
Grey matter: Posterior (dorsal), Anterior (ventral), lateral
67
Where are the lateral horns and columns located in the vertebral column? Why?
In the T and upper L region because of the sympathetic nervous system

Anatomy Exam 1 (8 decks)

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