Lecture 5 Antibacterials

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

Single celled organisms

Question 2

Bacillus snap

Answer 2

Rod shape

Question 3

Cocci

Answer 3

Spherical

Question 4

Cocci in clusters

Answer 4

Staphylococcus

Question 5

Cocci in chains

Answer 5

Streptococci

Question 6

Gram staining

Answer 6

Ability of the cell wall to regain a purple stain by a basic dye

Question 7

Gram +

Answer 7

Retain purple dye

Question 8

Gram -

Answer 8

Bacteria not stained by dye

Question 9

Bacteriostatic

Answer 9

Inhibit the growth of bacteria

Tetracycline and sulfonomides

Question 10

Bactericidal

Answer 10

Drug Kills bacteria

PCN and cephalosporins

Question 11

Culture

Answer 11

Determines the organized causing the infection

Question 12

Sensitivity

Answer 12

Determines the antibiotic the organism is sensitive to

Question 13

Cross resistance

Answer 13

Can ate y the microorganisms present in a sample and what drug can kill it

Question 14

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 14

concerned with the effects of drugs and the mechanism of their action.

Question 15

Use of Antibacterials

Answer 15

Use to achieve min effective concentration necessary to halt the growth

Question 16

What also effects an antibacterial drug

Answer 16

Age 
Nutrition 
Immunoglobulins 
WBC
organ function 
Circulation

Question 17

Health care acquired infections

Answer 17

Infections acquired while clients hospitalized

Question 18

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 18

Bacteria can transfer their genetic info to another bacterial species so they become resistance to that antibiotic as well

Question 19

What was the first penicillinase resistance PCN developed

Answer 19

Methicillin

Question 20

What happens when bacteria are sensitive to a drug

Answer 20

Pathogens is inhibited or destroyed

Question 21

What happens if a bacteria is resistant to an antibacterial

Answer 21

Pathogen continues to grow despite administration of the drug
(Maybe naturally or acquired)

Question 22

What are antibiotics ineffective to?

Answer 22

Viruses

Question 23

What is vancomycin resistant to

Answer 23

Enterococci faecium

Question 24

Empiric therapy

Answer 24

Prior to definitive diagnosis

Question 25

Prophylactic therapy

Answer 25

Prevention of infection using anti microbial treatment

Question 26

Therapeutic therapy

Answer 26

Treat clinically good with a definitive speciation and sensitivity

Question 27

Narrow spectrum

Answer 27

Primarily effective against one type of organism | Ex: PNC, erythromycin used to treat Gram + infections

Question 28

Broad spectrum

Answer 28

Effective against gram +/- org | Used when offending microorganisms has not been identified by C&S

Question 29

Antibiotic combinations

Answer 29

Combination antibiotic shouldn’t be routinely prescribed or administered except for specific uncontrollable infections

Question 30

What should you do before taking any antibiotic?

Answer 30

C&S

Question 31

Beta-lactamase

Answer 31

Enzyme which attacks and destroys beta lactan ring and inactivates beta lactan antibacterial drugs making them ineffective and lead to resistance

Question 32

Example of beta lactan antibacterials

Answer 32

Penicillin Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams

Question 33

Penecillin

Answer 33

Natural antibacterial agent where the beta lactam structure interferes with bacterial wall synthesis by inhibiting bacterial enzyme necessary for cellular diction and synthesis

Question 34

PNC - G significance

Answer 34

First given PO and IM

Question 35

Amoxicillin therapeutic uses

Answer 35

Resp. Tract infections, UTI, otros media, sinusitis , ulcers, tonsillitis

Question 36

Amoxicillin dug-food interactions

Answer 36

Increase effects w/aspirin Increase bleeding with anticoagulants Decrease effect with acidic juices

Question 37

Amoxicillin S/A

Answer 37

N/V/D, abdominal pain, rash, edemac stomitis, H/A, dizziness, insomnia, anxiety, confusion

Question 38

Amoxicillin Adverse reactions

Answer 38

Super infections, bone marrow depression, Steven Johnson syndrome

Question 39

Broad spectrum penicillins, amoxicillin, amicillin

Answer 39

May dec. Effectiveness of oral contraceptives

Question 40

Cephalosporins

Answer 40

Beta lactam structure that inhibit cell wall synthesis 10% cross over sensitivity of PCN Not all affected by beta lactamases

Question 41

First generation cephalosporins

Answer 41

Destroyed by beta lactamases Effective against gram + Used widely for survival prophylaxis

Question 42

Second gen. Cephalosporins

Answer 42

Same effectiveness as first Gen but more effective against gram -

Question 43

Third generation

Answer 43

Resistant to beta lactamases | Further extended days activity to gram -

Question 44

Fourth generation cephalosporins

Answer 44

Not typically used for surgical prophylaxis | Used for sepsis, severe infections of the lower resp tract. Etc

Question 45

Fifth gen cephalosporins

Answer 45

First that’s against gram +

Question 46

QSEN alert

Answer 46

Cephalosporins should be given 60 mins before first skin Incision

Question 47

Cefazolin use

Answer 47

Resp, urinary skin infections esp. surgical prophylaxis

Question 48

Ceflazolin drug food interaction

Answer 48

Inc toxicity with loop diuretics, aminoglycocides, banco | Dec. effects with tetracycline and erythromycin

Question 49

Cefazolin s/s

Answer 49

A previa NVD rash’s, abdominal cramps fever