Week 1: Intro To Pharm Flashcards
Pharmacology
The study of the effects of chemical substances on living tissue
Pharmacotherapy
(Drug therapy) used to prevent, diagnose, treat, also to treat signs and symptoms or cure disease
Local
On the skin
Sunscreen or local anesthetic
Systemic
Circulate through the bloodstream to their sides of action
Nursing practice act
I. Every state has its own laws regarding medication administration
II. Nurses are responsible for knowing their states laws and administrative code
Autonomy
Right to self determination
Right to refuse
Beneficence
Duty to protect research subjects from harm
Justice
All people treated fairly, equal access to healthcare for all
Informed consent
Right to be informed and participation is voluntary
Phase I of clinical experiments
Trial is primarily designed to Evaluate safety, determine range of safe dosage, see any side effects, adverse effect, and identify pharmokinetics
N=20-80
Phase II clinical experiments
Demonstrate the safety and efficiency of drug with people who have disease
N= 100-300
Phase III of clinical experiments
Large amount of patients with disease to confirm the drug effectiveness, monitor side effects, compared to commonly used treatments, and collect info.
N= 1000+ patients
Phase IV clinical experiments
Test for long-term effects (optimal and additional users after the drug of treatment has been marketed)
N=1000-3000
Placebo
Same drug with different dose, route, or frequency
Open Label Study
Everyone knows the treatment group assignment
Single blind
Subjects are the only ones who don’t know the group they are assigned to
Double blind
Neither the subjects or the healthcare professionals know who is receiving The experiment control form of therapy
Triple blind
The patients, clinicals, and the people carrying out the statistical analysis do not know which treatment patients had
1906 Pure Foods and Drug Act
Protect the public from this labeled/adulterated drugs
Required the company to put label
1912 Shirley Amendment
Prohibits false therapeutic claims on drug labels
Result of Mrs. Winslow’s Soothin that claim to treat teething and colic but lead to death of many infants
1951 Durham- Humphrey Amendment
Legend drugs can only be dispensed with prescription only
1970 controlled substance act
Designed to remedy of problem of drug abuse
Promote struggle education and research into the prevention and treatment of drug department
1996 Health insurance portability and accountability act
HIPPA
1997 Food and a drug Administration Modernization Act
Review the use of new drugs
