Week 7 Antimicrobials

Question 1

Drugs used with patients with PCN allergies

Answer 1

Macrolides, lincosamides, glycopeptides, ketolides, lipopeptides
All similar to PCN but different structure

Question 2

What is prescribed of client is hypersensitive to PCN?

Answer 2

Erythromycin (macrolide) (drug Choi e to treat mycoplasmal pneumonia and legionnaires disease

Question 3

Macrolide

Answer 3

Broad spectrum antibiotics admin by PO and IV (infuse slowly)
Active against most gram + and some -

Excreted in bile, feces, urine

Question 4

What do macrolide a treat?

Answer 4

Mild to moderate infections of respiratory tract, sinuses, GI tract, skin, soft tissue, STIs

Question 5

Azithromycin use

Answer 5

Zithromax (for PCN allergic) resp. Infections, gonorrhea and skin infections

Question 6

Azithromycin drug food interaction

Answer 6

Increase effect of warfarin, digoxin
Dec effects on PCNs Clindamycin

Peak levels reduces if taken with antacids at same time

Question 7

Side effects of azithromycin

Answer 7

Anorexia,NVD, rash, tinnitus, and cramps, pruritis

Question 8

Azithromycin adverse reactions and contraindications

Answer 8

Superinfection, vaginitis, stomitis, urticaria, hearing loss,

Hypersensitivity

Question 9

Macrolide

Answer 9

Hepatoxicity can occur when taken in large doses but reversible when discontinued

Question 10

Lincosamides

Answer 10

Have both bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions depending on dosage
Ex: lincomycin, clindamycin, pirlimycin

Question 11

What is clindamycin more widely prescribed to?

Answer 11

Active against most gram +, not effective against gram -

Question 12

Vancomycin

Answer 12

Used against drug res. Staph aureus in cardiac surgical prophylaxis for those w/PCN allergies

Question 13

Vancomycin when given orally

Answer 13

not absorbed systemically and excreted in genes

Question 14

Intermittent vancomycin

Answer 14

Should be diluted in 100 ml for 500 mg and 200 for 1 g

Administer 10mg/min or min of 60 min

Question 15

What happens with rapid IV injection of vanco

Answer 15

Red neck syndrome

Question 16

Vancomycin uses

Answer 16

Staph infections, drug res. S.aureus and cardiac prophylaxis

Question 17

Vancomycin drug/food interaction

Answer 17

Dramamine can mask ototoxicity
Caution giving furosemide with vancomycin
Absorption can be decreased given with cholestyramine

Question 18

Side effects with vancomycin

Answer 18

NVD
Rash
Dizziness
Fever 
Too rapid=red man syndrome

Question 19

Vanco adverse reactions

Answer 19

Nephrotoxicity,ototoxicity, neutropenia, eosinophilia, stevens Johnson syndrome, hypotension, tachycardia

Question 20

Vaco excretion

Answer 20

PO-fences

IV- urine

Question 21

Tetracycline use

Answer 21

First broad-spectrum drug effective against both gram +/- bacteria
Treats acne vulgarisms, resp/skin infections, infections from gram +/-, syphalis, gonorrhea, Clamydia

Question 22

Tetracycline food interaction

Answer 22

May increase affects of digoxin decrease absorption with antacids, iron zinc, and decrease effects of BCP

Don’t take with MG and aluminum antacid prep, milk prod containing calcium and iron

Question 23

Side effects/ adverse reactions of tetracycline

Answer 23

NVD , Rash, Flatulence, abd discomfort, HA, photo sensitivity and color vision changes

Adverse: super infections, severe photosensitivity, hepatoxicity, dyscrasias

Question 24

Who should not take tetracycline?

Answer 24

Children younger than 8

And oral contraceptives can lessen effectiveness when taken w/tetracycline

Question 25

Aminoglycoside use

Answer 25

Use against Gram - bacteria by inhibiting bacterial proteins synthesis Some gram + cocci are resistant to aminoglycosides so penicillins/ cephalosporins Mayr be used

Question 26

Gentamicin sulfate use

Answer 26

Used on serious infections from gram - org, PID, MRSA by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and has bactericidal effect

Question 27

Gentamicin sulfate drug/ lab interaction

Answer 27

Inc risk of otoxicity with loop diuretics and inc nephrotoxicity with furosemide and vanco

Question 28

Gentamicin sulfate S/s

Answer 28

NVDA rash, visual disturbances, tremors, tinnitus, purifies, muscle cramps and photosensitivity

Question 29

Why is it useful to monitor peak and group levels

Answer 29

``` Peak= for toxicity Trough= therapeutic drug levels ```

Question 30

Aminoglycoside s/e and a/r

Answer 30

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Question 31

Aminoglycoside interactions

Answer 31

Don’t administer concurrently with PCN and warfarin can increase when taken simultaneously with aminoglycoside

Question 32

LevaQuin use

Answer 32

Useful in treatment of UTI, bone, gonorrhea, mod to severe lower respiratory infections by interfere with enzyme needed to synthesize bacterial DNA

Question 33

Levaquin drug/food

Answer 33

Inc eggs here of oral hypoglycemic and theophylline, dec drug absorption with antacids and iron and take before meals to slow absorption rate

Question 34

Levaquin S/A

Answer 34

NVD rash and cramps, flatulence, H/A, fatigued, insomnia, flushing, phtosen, tinnitus

Question 35

Adverse reactions of Levaquin

Answer 35

Steven Johnson syndrome, encephalopathy, seizures, pseudomembranous coli

Question 36

Sulfonomides

Answer 36

oldest antibacterial agent used to combat infection and is an alternative for patients allergic to penicillin Liver metabolized and kidneys excrete

Question 37

Use of sulfonomides

Answer 37

Used to treat UTI, ear infections, meningococcal meningitis, chlamydia, taxoplasmma gondii

Question 38

sulfonomides SE and AR

Answer 38

Skin rash, hemolytic anemia, NV, crystalluria, photosensitivity Avoid during 3rd trimester

Question 39

Bactria use

Answer 39

Treats complicated and uncomplicated UTIs and prevention of Pneumocystis cari Ik in clients with AIDS and effective against gram - bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis of nuclei acid, bactericidal effect

Question 40

Bactrian drug food interaction

Answer 40

Increased anticoagulation affect with warfarin And inc hypoglycemic effects with oral hypoglycemic drug

Question 41

Batting SA And AR

Answer 41

NVDA, rash, atónitos, fatigue, depression, HA, vertigo, photosensitivity AR- Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, inc bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia, renal failure and Steven Johnson syndrome