lecture 5- bacterial diversity

Question 1

High G+C

Answer 1

Actinobacteria

Question 2

Actinobacteria

Answer 2

Actinomyces
Frankia
Streptomyces

Question 3

Actinomyces

Answer 3

filamentous, branching, some human pathogens

Question 4

Frankia

Answer 4

filamentous

Nitrogen fixation

Question 5

Streptomyces

Answer 5

Forms mycelium 
produces antibiotics: 
tetracycline
macrolides
aminoglycosides
amphotericin B

Question 6

Low G+C

Answer 6

Firmicutes

Question 7

Firmicutes

Answer 7

Lactobacillus
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Bacillus
Clostridium

Question 8

Gram negative

Answer 8

proteobacteria (alpha, beta, gamma, epsilon)

Question 9

alpha

Answer 9

Rhizobiales:
agrobacterium 
bradyrhizobium 
nitrobacter
rhizobium

Question 10

nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 10

bradyrhizobium
rhizobium
frankia

Question 11

nitrifying bacteria

Answer 11

nitrobacter

Question 12

what is nitrogen fixation

Answer 12

Nitrogen –> ammonia

Question 13

beta

Answer 13

neisseria

Question 14

characteristic of neisseria

Answer 14

diplococci

Question 15

gamma

Answer 15

enterobacteriales:
shigella
salmonella
E.coli

Question 16

epsilon

Answer 16

camplylobacteriales:
campylobacter
helicobacter

Question 17

characteristic of helicobacter

Answer 17

multiple flagella

Question 18

what kind of fluorescent oligonucleotides can be used?

Answer 18

DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) 400 nm
Acridine orange 500 nm
SYBR Green 497 nm

Question 19

how to phylogenetically classify non-culturable bacteria?

Answer 19

study 16s rRNA gene of the bacteria

Question 20

FISH

Answer 20

fluorescent in situ hybridisation uses different coloured oligonucleotides to match different 16s rRNA sequences

Question 21

species richness

Answer 21

the total number of species present in an ecosystem

Question 22

species abundance

Answer 22

the proportion of each species in an ecosystem

Question 23

pelagic zone

Answer 23

nutrient poor

Question 24

prochlorophytes

Answer 24

• related to cyanobacteria
• photosynthetic prokaryote member of the phytoplankton group Picoplankton.
• abundant in nutrient poor tropical waters
• use a unique photosynthetic pigment, divinyl-chlorophyll, to absorb light and acquire energy.

Question 25

photic zone

Answer 25

200m below surface

Question 26

pelagibacter ubique

Answer 26

nonphototrophic oligotroph

Question 27

archaea

Answer 27

found in extreme conditions below the photic zone

Question 28

most abundant bacteria found in colon

Answer 28

firmicutes

Question 29

bacteroids

Answer 29

swollen, misshapen and branched rhizobia

Question 30

leghaemoglobin

Answer 30

enzyme produced by nodules, keeps O2 away from nitrogenase

Question 31

where does nitrogenase function

Answer 31

in bacteroids but not free living rhizobia

Question 32

flavonoids

Answer 32

stimulate growth of rhizobia

Question 33

nod factors

Answer 33

induce root hair curling and trigger plant cell division