Lecture 5 - Biomolecules

Question 1

Groups of Atoms with Distinct Properties

Answer 1

Amino Group (NH2), Phosphate Group (OPO3^2), Methyl Group (CH3)

Question 2

Hydrophilic Functional Groups

Answer 2

Hydroxyl Group, Carboxyl Group, Amino Group, Phosphate Group

Question 3

Hydrophobic Functional Groups

Answer 3

Methyl Group

Question 4

Types of Chemical Reaction

Answer 4

Synthesis (coming together)
Decomposition (separation)
Single Replacement
Double Replacement

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

Chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water

Question 6

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 6

Creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released.

Question 7

Biomolecule

Answer 7

Complex molecules
only made by living things

Question 8

Organic molecules are ______ based

Answer 8

Carbon

Question 9

Properties of Carbon

Answer 9

4 Valence electrons, forms up to 4 covalent bonds

Question 10

Polymers

Answer 10

Long chains of smaller molecules (monomers)

Question 11

Monomer

Answer 11

Building block

Question 12

Four classes of biomolecules

Answer 12

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Question 13

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Answer 13

Monomers

Question 14

3 Types of Monosaccharides

Answer 14

1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Galactose

Question 15

Isomers

Answer 15

two compounds that have same chemical formulas but different structures

Question 16

What are the functions of Monosaccharides?

Answer 16

Fuel
Skeletons for other biomolecules

Question 17

Disaccharides

Answer 17

Any class of sugar that contains two monosaccharides

Question 18

Types of Disaccharides

Answer 18

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

Question 19

Maltose

Answer 19

Glucose + Glucose

Question 20

Sucrose

Answer 20

Glucose + Fructose

Question 21

Lactose

Answer 21

Glucose + Galactose

Question 22

What are the functions of Disaccharides?

Answer 22

Energy
Transportation of monosaccharides (in plants)

Question 23

Polysaccharides

Answer 23

Long chains of monosaccharides

Question 24

Types of Polysaccharides

Answer 24

Starch granules in potato tuber cells
Glycogen granules in muscle tissue
Cellulose fibrils in a plant cell wall

Question 25

Linkage of Alpha glucose monomers

Answer 25

All monomers are in the same orientation

Question 26

Linkage of Beta glucose monomers

Answer 26

Every Beta glucose monomer is upside down with respect to its neighbor.

Question 27

Functions of Polysaccharides

Answer 27

Short term energy storage Structural Support - Fiber

Question 28

Glycemic Index

Answer 28

A number associated with the carbs in a food that indicates the effect of these carbs on a person's blood glucose (sugar) level

Question 29

High GI Foods

Answer 29

Jasmine rice, Chips, Biscuits, Cakes, Ice cream, Potatoes, processed food, white bread

Question 30

Low GI Foods

Answer 30

Vegetables, lentils, basmati rice, pasta, wholegrain bread, oats

Question 31

Large doses of fructose can overload the___ and be converted to fat

Answer 31

Liver

Question 32

Lipids

Answer 32

Collective name for fats, oils, waxes and fat-like molecules

Question 33

Lipids are all ______

Answer 33

Hydrophobic

Question 34

Types of Lipids

Answer 34

Simple Lipids Compound Lipids Derived Lipids

Question 35

Simple Lipids

Answer 35

Esters of Fatty Acids

Question 36

Compound Lipids

Answer 36

Esters of fatty acids and alcohol containing other groups

Question 37

Types of Lipids covered in this class

Answer 37

Fatty Acids Triglycerides - Simple Lipids Phospholipids - Compound Lipids Steroids - Derived Lipids

Question 38

Fatty Acids

Answer 38

Acids containing hydrocarbon chain and carboxyl

Question 39

Saturated Fats

Answer 39

Don't have double bond b/w carbon atoms, molecule is saturated with hydrogen. Solid at room temp

Question 40

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 40

Present at least one double bond in their molecule Liquid at room temp

Question 41

Triglycerides

Answer 41

Fats and oils Used for long-term energy storage

Question 42

What are triglycerides made of?

Answer 42

Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acid Tails

Question 43

Phospholipids

Answer 43

acts as a barrier to protect the cell against environmental dangers

Question 44

What are phospholipids are made of?

Answer 44

Phosphate-containing Head Glycerol 2 Fatty Acid Tails

Question 45

Steroids

Answer 45

Made of rings of carbon

Question 46

Types of Steroids

Answer 46

Cholestrol Steroid Hormones

Question 47

Cholestrol

Answer 47

Cell membranes Skeleton for other steroids

Question 48

Steroid Hormones example?

Answer 48

Sex hormones