Lecture 5- Cerebellum

Question 1

what fissure divides the anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 1

primary fissure

Question 1

what is the structural division of the cerebellum

Answer 1

anterior lobe
posterior lobe
flocculonodular lobe

Question 2

what fissure divides the posterior and flocculonodular lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 2

posteriolateral fissure

Question 3

what is lobule X

Answer 3

flocculonodular lobe

Question 4

what is chiari malformation

Answer 4

defective development of the cerebellum from uvula and tonsil in lobule 9

Question 5

what is the primary cause of hydrocephalus

Answer 5

chiari malformation

Question 6

what is type 1 of chiari malformation

Answer 6

herniation of uvula and tonsil through foramen magnum
does not block CSF flow

Question 7

what is type 2 of chiari malformation

Answer 7

arnold-chiari malformation
herniation with myelomeningocele

Question 8

what is type 3 of chiari malformation

Answer 8

herniation of uvula and tonsil plus medulla
encephalocele

Question 9

what is type 4 of chiari malformation

Answer 9

cerebellar hypoplasia
under developed

Question 10

what is the largest lobe of the cerebellum

Answer 10

7

Question 11

what makes up the functional division of the cerebellum

Answer 11

spinocerebellum
cerebrocerebellum
vestibulocerebellum

Question 12

what makes up spinocerebellum

Answer 12

vermis: posture and prox extremity
medial cerebellar hemisphere: distal extremity

Question 13

what makes up cerebrocerebellum

Answer 13

lateral cerebellar hemisphere: integrative functions

Question 14

what makes up the vestibulocerebellum

Answer 14

flocculonodular

Question 15

what are the cerebellar nuclei

Answer 15

fastigial nucleus
interposed nuclei
dentate nucleus

Question 16

where is fastigial nucleus and the function

Answer 16

vermis- spinocerebellum
balance and equilibrium

Question 17

where is interposed nuclei and the function

Answer 17

medial hemisphere- spinocerebellum
extremity gross movement

Question 18

where is dentate nucleus and the function

Answer 18

cerebrocerebellum
integrative functions

Question 19

where is vestibular nuclei and the function

Answer 19

vestibulocerebellum
nodulus: vestibular
flocculus: eye movement

Question 20

where does the vestibular nuclei receive its vestibular and eye movement projections from

Answer 20

medial longitudinal fasciculus
directly projects to vestibular nuclei and fastigial nucleus

Question 21

what nerve fibers do the inf cerebellar peduncle have

Answer 21

afferent and efferent
conduit between spinal cord/brain stem and cerebellum

Question 22

what nerve fibers do the middle cerebellar peduncle have

Answer 22

afferent
signals from pontine nuclei which are from neocortex

Question 23

what nerve fibers do the sup cerebellar peduncle have

Answer 23

afferent and efferent

Question 24

where do sup cerebellar peduncle efferent fibers project to

Answer 24

contralateral thalamus and midbrain

Question 25

where do sup cerebellar peduncle afferent fibers project from

Answer 25

spinal cord and brain stem

Question 26

what does the SCA supply in the cerebellum

Answer 26

anterior lobe superior posterior lobe

Question 27

what does the AICA supply in the cerebellum

Answer 27

middle/inferior posterior lobe

Question 28

what does the PICA supply in the cerebellum

Answer 28

inferior posterior lobe

Question 29

what is the folium

Answer 29

leaf like basic structural unit long axis in transverse plane, side to side

Question 30

what is the folia

Answer 30

multiple folium

Question 31

what is a lobule

Answer 31

multiple folia with obvious separating fissures

Question 32

what is the arbor vitae

Answer 32

gray= leaves white= branches and trunk

Question 33

what is the cytoarchitecture of cerebellar cortex

Answer 33

molecular layer purkinje cells granular layer

Question 34

what makes up the molecular layer in the cerebellum

Answer 34

stellate- synapse with purkinje dendritic tree basket- synapse with purkinje soma

Question 35

what is the central neuron of cerebellar functions

Answer 35

purkinje

Question 36

what plane is the dendritic tree in and what fibers does it have

Answer 36

sagittal plane efferent fibers from cerebellar cortex

Question 37

what makes up the granular layer in the cerebellum

Answer 37

golgi- inhibit granule cells granule- axons ascend to molecular layer, synapse with purkinje dendritic tree

Question 38

what axons ascend to the molecular layer

Answer 38

granule cells as parallel fibers

Question 39

what is the most abundant neuron in the cerebellum

Answer 39

granule cells

Question 40

what cerebellar neurons produce GABA neurotransmitters

Answer 40

basket stellate purkinje golgi

Question 41

what cerebellar neurons produce glutamate/asparate neurotransmitters

Answer 41

unipolar brush cell granule

Question 42

when is glutamate/asparate not an excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 42

in our eyes it is a inhibitory

Question 43

what do bands/biomarkers mean for purkinje

Answer 43

different types/functions

Question 44

what are the cerebellar cortical afferent fibers

Answer 44

climbing mossy multilayered

Question 45

where do climbing fibers come from

Answer 45

contralateral inferior olivary nuclei through inferior cerebellar pedunce (rostral medulla)

Question 46

where do climbing fibers project to

Answer 46

molecular layer and cerebellar nuclei

Question 47

what neurotransmitter do climbing fibers produce

Answer 47

glutamate/asparate

Question 48

how does climbing fibers differ from other afferent cerebellar fibers

Answer 48

multiple axon terminals and each synapse with purkinje in sagittal plane

Question 49

what is the function of climbing fibers

Answer 49

relay CNS components

Question 50

where do mossy fibers come from

Answer 50

cerebral cortex and spinal cord: through all cerebellar peduncles

Question 51

where do mossy fibers project to

Answer 51

granular layer and cerebellar nuclei

Question 52

what is the function of mossy fibers

Answer 52

synapse with granule cells to relay signal to parallel fibers

Question 53

what neurotransmitter is produced by mossy fibers

Answer 53

glutamate and asparate

Question 54

where do multilayered fibers come from

Answer 54

different brain structures: basal nuclei, diencephalon, and RF

Question 55

where do multilayered fibers project to

Answer 55

all 3 cerebellar cortical layers and nuclei

Question 56

what neurotransmitters are produced from multilayered fibers

Answer 56

either excitatory or inhibitory

Question 57

what is the firing rate of climbing fibers

Answer 57

complex spike, calcium spike 1-2 secs

Question 58

what do climbing fibers synapse with

Answer 58

dendritic trees of purkinje fibers

Question 59

what is the firing rate of mossy fibers

Answer 59

simple spike 30-100 sec

Question 60

once mossy fibers synapse with granule cells, what happens

Answer 60

granule cells activate target cells through parallel fibers

Question 61

what modulates mossy fibers during neuroplasticity

Answer 61

climbing fibers

Question 62

what is motor functions of spinocerebellum

Answer 62

position and movement of prox jts of extremities and fine motor control

Question 63

what is the motor functions of the cerebrocerebellum

Answer 63

motor planning, initiation of M1 timing m contraction dexterous movement of extremities

Question 64

how is the somatotopy represented on the cerebellum

Answer 64

inverted in anterior lobe separated and upright in posterior lobe

Question 65

what is fractured representation of somatotopy on cerebellum

Answer 65

chimeric

Question 66

where is somatotopy representation on cerebellum lost

Answer 66

cerebropontine tract

Question 67

how does the hypothalamus project to the cerebellum

Answer 67

multilayred fibers

Question 68

what is the function of cerebellum visceral motor

Answer 68

ANS: fight/flight/digest basic vital signs

Question 69

what is the fastigial nucleus parasympathetic function

Answer 69

decrease HR and BP

Question 70

what is the function of cerebellar vermis and limbic system

Answer 70

emotions initiation, recognition of emotion, social cognition

Question 71

where is emotions decoded in the cerebellum

Answer 71

around vermis

Question 72

what cerebellum has involvement with language

Answer 72

R cerebellum

Question 73

what are the overall CNS functions of cerebellum

Answer 73

psychomotor cognition affect

Question 74

what happens if CNS functions in the cerebellum are impaired

Answer 74

movement= dysmetria of movement= ataxia cognition and affect= dysmetria of thought= cerebellar cognitive affect syndrome (CCAS)