Lecture 5: Flies and Myiasis

Question 1

diptera are

Answer 1

flies

Question 2

diptera/flies characteristics: morphology, type of life cycle

Answer 2

1 pair of wings
1 pair of halteres = modified hindwings
complete/holometabolous metamorphosis = egg –> larvae –> pupa –> adult

Question 3

diptera/flies: 3 main suborders

Answer 3

nematocera
brachycera
cyclorrhapha

Question 4

what do all 3 suborders of diptera have in common

Answer 4

hematophagous
biting mouthparts

Question 5

mosquitos, blackflies and midges are part of what suborder of diptera

Answer 5

nemaotcera

Question 6

horseflies and deerflies are part of what suborder of diptera

Answer 6

brachycera

Question 7

blowflies, botflies and face flies are part of what suborder of diptera

Answer 7

cyclorrhapha

Question 8

myiasis definition

Answer 8

when larvae feed on host animal tissues

Question 9

which diptera suborder includes myiasis species

Answer 9

cyclorrhapha

Question 10

clinical importance of biting flies

Answer 10

inflammation –> pruritis –> scratching, rubbing,, biting –> alopecia, secondary bacterial infections, production losses

Question 11

2 main effects of myiasis

Answer 11

tissue destruction
obstruction - respiratory passages, GI tract

Question 12

diagnosis: detection of (4)

Answer 12

adults on/near host
larvae on/near host
larvae expelled in feces or from nose
eggs on host

Question 13

how to preserve flies for taxonomic ID

Answer 13

70% ethanol

Question 14

comprehensive control program targets (3)

Answer 14

reduce host exposure to adult flies + eliminate larvae/eggs on host
control existing environmental infestation of all life cycle stages
prevent re infection of host and/or environment

Question 15

treatment and prevention of adult flies (4)

Answer 15

insecticides
oral insect growth regulators to disrupt life cycle
repellants, fly masks
shelter animals during peak hours of fly activity + prevent exposure to fly infested habitats

Question 16

treatment and prevention of myiasis (3)

Answer 16

insecticides
macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin)
physical removal from host, clean wounds

Question 17

environmental control: chemical control (3)

Answer 17

insecticides
insect growth regulators for larvae
smothering agents for mosquito larvae and pupae

Question 18

environmental control: biological control (2)

Answer 18

parasitoid wasps feed on pupae of cyclorrhaphans
bacillus thuringiensis feed on larval stages

Question 19

environmental control: source reduction

Answer 19

modify aquatic habitats of mosquito larvae

Question 20

nematocera: 3 main genera of mosquitos

Answer 20

aedes
anopheles
culex

Question 21

nematocera: main genus for blackflies

Answer 21

simulium

Question 22

equine allergic dermatitis caused by (hint: nematocera)

Answer 22

culicoides midges

Question 23

pathogens transmitted by nematocera mosquitos (3)

Answer 23

canine heartworm
plasmodium/malaria
WNE/EE

Question 24

simulium blackflies feed on

Answer 24

blood of birds and mammals

Question 25

aedes/anopheles/culex mosquitos feed on

Answer 25

mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians

Question 26

parasitic protozoa species that use simulium blackflies to transmit disease (and what species are affected)

Answer 26

leucocytozooon species - poultry and birds

Question 27

simuliotoxicosis: what caused by, affected species, effect

Answer 27

simulium blackflies equids, ruminants, swine anaphylactic shock

Question 28

nematocera midges: genus, host targets

Answer 28

culicoides species mammals and birds

Question 29

what 2 parasites are associated with leucocytozoon species

Answer 29

simulium blackflies culicoides midges

Question 30

nematocera sandflies: genera (2)

Answer 30

lutzomyia phlebotomus

Question 31

new world vs old world sandlfies

Answer 31

lutzomyia = new world phlebotomus = old world

Question 32

sandflies: target species (3)

Answer 32

mammals birds reptiles

Question 33

pathogen transmitted by sandflies

Answer 33

leishmania species

Question 34

clinical leishmaniasis found in what 2 species

Answer 34

humans dogs

Question 35

types of flies found in nematocera (4)

Answer 35

mosquitos blackflies midges sandflies

Question 36

2 main flies in brachycera

Answer 36

horseflies deerflies

Question 37

genus: horseflies

Answer 37

tabanus

Question 38

genus: deerflies

Answer 38

chrysops

Question 39

pathogen transmitted by brachycera species (horseflies, deerflies)

Answer 39

trypanosoma species of ungulates

Question 40

which suborder of flies are biting flies

Answer 40

cyclorrhapha

Question 41

4 types of BITING flies within cyclorrhapha

Answer 41

horn flies stable flies keds/louse flies tsetse flies

Question 42

3 main groups of cyclorrhapha flies (hint: behavior)

Answer 42

biting non biting myiasis causing

Question 43

horn flies genus

Answer 43

haematobia species

Question 44

stable flies genus

Answer 44

stomoxys species

Question 45

melophagus ovinus: type of fly

Answer 45

sheep ked fly biting

Question 46

tsetse flies: genus

Answer 46

glossina species

Question 47

cyclorrhapha non biting flies (2)

Answer 47

face fly housefly

Question 48

face fly genus

Answer 48

musca autumnalis

Question 49

pathogen transmitted by face fly

Answer 49

moraxella bovis

Question 50

housefly genus

Answer 50

musca domestica

Question 51

obligate myiasis

Answer 51

larvae require live host for food

Question 52

facultative myiasis

Answer 52

larvae eat carrion and sometimes infest live animals

Question 53

cyclorrhapha: myiasis causing flies (3)

Answer 53

flesh flies blowflies botflies

Question 54

which families of cyclorrhapha includes BOTH facultative and obligate myiasis causing species

Answer 54

flesh flies blowflies

Question 55

obligate myiasis causing flies in cyclorrhapha: generic name and binomial

Answer 55

gray flesh fly = wohlfahrtia vigil new world screwworm = cochliomyia hominivorax

Question 56

new world screwworm outbreak: where, date

Answer 56

2016 Key deer, FL

Question 57

common green bottle fly: scientific name

Answer 57

lucilia sericata

Question 58

lucilia sericata: generic name, what kind of myiasis, treatment

Answer 58

common green bottle fly facultative myiasis maggot debridement therapy

Question 59

botflies are agents of what kind of myiasis

Answer 59

obligate

Question 60

main types of botflies (3)

Answer 60

sheep nasal botfly heel flies horse botflies

Question 61

sheep nasal botfly: scientific name

Answer 61

oestrus ovis

Question 62

false gid is caused by what species of botfly

Answer 62

oestrus ovis = sheep nasal botfly

Question 63

heel flies: genus, what it causes in host

Answer 63

hypoderma species SQ cysts (warbles) in bovids

Question 64

horse botflies: genus, what it causes in host

Answer 64

gaterophilus species GI myiasis in equids

Question 65

cuterebra species: type of fly, what it causes in hosts, main complication in dogs and cats

Answer 65

Botfly SQ cysts in rabbits/rodents cerebrospinal cuterebriasis