Lecture 9: Tick Infestations Flashcards
1
Q
What are a destructive group of blood sucking parasitic arthropods
A
Ticks
2
Q
When are ticks most abundant
A
Spring and fall
3
Q
2 major families of ticks
A
Ixodidae
Argasidae
4
Q
Ticks have what 2 general segments
A
Head
Body
5
Q
General anatomy of ticks: what structures are fused, what 2 structures are absent
A
Fused head, thorax and abdomen
No antennae or mandibles
6
Q
Tick head aka
A
Capitulum or gnathosoma
7
Q
Basis capituli
A
Near body
8
Q
2 components of head/capitulum/gnathosoma
A
Basis capituli
Mouthparts
9
Q
3 components of mouthparts
A
2 chelicerae
1 hypostome
2 palps
10
Q
Chelicerae function
A
Cutting blades for laceration
11
Q
Hypostome function
A
Barbed, penetrating sucking organ
12
Q
What are palps
A
Accessory appendages
13
Q
Tick body aka
A
Idiosoma
14
Q
What are the tick’s respiratory openings called
A
Spiracles
15
Q
how many legs do ADULT ticks have
A
8
16
Q
Body/idiosoma shape of ticks
A
Dorsoventrally flattened
17
Q
Scutum definition
A
Dorsal shield
18
Q
Festoons definition
A
Grooves on back margin
19
Q
Ixodidae vs argasidae (which one is hard/soft tick)
A
Ixodidae = soft ticks
Argasidae = hard ticks
20
Q
Ixodidae vs argasidae: presence or absence of scutum/festoons
A
Ixodidae = present
Argasidae = absent
21
Q
Ixodidae: lifecycle (how many stages), when blood meal taken
A
3 stages
Larvae hatch from eggs —> nymphs —> adults
Single bloodmeal and moult between stages
22
Q
Argasidae: max number of life cycle stages, when and how many blood meals taken
A
11 stages
Multiple blood meals between stages
23
Q
Which general tick type has adult and nymphal stages that feed on the same host
A
Argasidae
24
Q
Which general tick type is Nidicolous
A
Argasidae
25
Which general tick type is non nidiculous
Ixodidae
26
which tick type finds a host and remains attached throughout its entire life cycle
Ixodidae
27
Which tick type inhabits the nest/burrow of the host
Argasidae
28
Which tick type targets small rodents, larger mammals and HUMANS
Ixodidae
29
Which tick type targets birds and bats mainly
Argasidae
30
2 types of disease transmission by ticks
Transovarian
Transstadial
31
Transovarian transmission
1 host ticks
Disease organisms passed from adult FEMALE to her larvae through infection of her eggs/ovaries
32
Transstadial transmission
2 or 3 host ticks
Infection acquired by larval tick carried through moult to nymphal stage —> transmitted to host on which nymph feeds —> carried through molt and transmitted to host on which adult tick feeds
33
Main difference between Transovarian and Transstadial transmission
Transovarian = FEMALES
Transstadial = larvae can be male or female
34
Argasidae: 3 genera
Argas
Ornithodoros
Otobius
35
How many nymphal stages do argasidae have
2 or more
36
What is required for each nymphal stage: argasidae
Blood meal from host
37
Argasidae: life cycle and feeding
Larvae attach to and feed on host (chicken) —> larvae LEAVE HOST and molt into 1st nymphal stage —> nymphs attach to host and feed again —> nymph LEAVES HOST and mounts in sheltered area —> nymphs feed on 3rd host —> process repeats for 2-7 nymphal stages —> adults feed on host, reproduce off of host
38
When do females of argasidae lay a clutch of eggs
After each feeding
39
Argas species: morphology, where normally found
Flattened, ovoid, yellow to reddish brown
Rarely found on host —> look in hen house
Gulf of Mexico and Mexican border
40
Argas persicus: generic name, hosts
Fowl tick or blue bugs
Domestic fowl and wild birds (ducks, geese, pigeons)
41
why are Argas persicus called blue bugs
Turn blue when they take a blood meal
42
Argas persicus: diseases transmitted (3)
Borrelia anserina = fowl or avian spirochetosis
Aegyptianella pullorum = aegyptianellosis
Tick paralysis
43
ornithodoros: 2 species
O. hermsi
O. coriaceus
44
ornithodoros hermsi: host, geographic location
rodent
rocky mountain and pacific coast
45
ornithodoros coriaceus: hosts, geographic location
deer and cattle
california and oregon
46
3 argasidae (Soft tick) species
argas persicus
ornithodoros
otobius megnini
47
otobius megnini: generic name, 2 hosts, what is special about adults, how differ from argas and ornithodorus
spinose ear tick
ear canals of cattle and horses
adults don't feed
1 host tick
48
hard ticks (ixodidae): morphology, how often do they feed, how many molts occur
scutum covers dorsal surface
only feed once
2 molts: larva --> nymph and lymph --> adult
49
hard ticks morphology: male vs female
male = scutum covers entire dorsal surface
female = scutum only part of surface
50
ixodidae: 5 genera
ixodes
rhipicephalus
dermacentor
amblyomma
haemaphysalis
51
1 host tick definition
complete both molts (larva --> nymph and nymph --> adult) without leaving host
52
2 host tick definition
engorged nymph drops off to molt
2nd host can be same or different
53
3 host tick definition
engorged nymphs and larvae drop off to molt
54
ixodes species: 1/2/ or 3 host tick, ornate vs inornate scutum
3 host tick
inornate
55
ixodes: 2 major species
Ixodes scapularis
ixodes pacificus
56
ixodes scapularis: generic name, main host, geographic region
deer tick
white tailed deer
eastern USA
57
ixodes pacificus: generic name, hosts, geographic region
western blacklegged tick
lizards and small mammals
western USA
58
rhipicephalus: inornate vs ornate scutum, shape of basis capitula
inornate
hexagonal basis capitula
59
rhipicephalus: 2 species
rhipicephalus sanguineus
rhipicephalus annulatus
60
rhipicephalus sanguineus: generic name, 1/2/3 host tick, main host, disease transmitted
brown dog tick
3 host tick
dogs
babesia canis = canine piroplasmosis
61
rhipicephalus annulatus: generic name, 1/2/3 host tick, hosts, disease transmitted
cattle tick
1 host tick
babesia bovis = bovine piroplasmosis
62
most implicated genus of ticks that cause tick paralysis in USA
dermacentor
63
dermacentor ticks: 1/2/3 host, ornate vs inornate scutum, shape of basis capitula
3 host tick
ornate
rectangular basis capitula
64
2 main species of dermacentor
andersoni
variabilis
65
dermacentor andersoni: generic name, hosts, geographic region
rocky mountain wood tick
dogs and small mammals
rocky mountains
66
dermacentor variabilis: generic name, hosts, geographic region
american dog tick
dogs, mammals
west coast USA
67
amblyomma: 1/2/3 host tick, ornate vs inornate scutum, size relationship between mouthparts and basis capitula
3 host tick
ornate
mouthparts longer than basis
68
2 species of amblyomma
americanum
macalatum
69
amblyomma americanum: generic name, geographic location, main host, disease transmitted
lone star tick
white tailed deer
texas
cytauxzoon felis = fetal protozoal disease of cat
70
amblyomma maculatum: generic name, 3 hosts, geographic location, disease transmitted
gulf coast tick
small rodents, birds, mammals
gulf coast USA
hepatozoon americanum = american hepatozoonosis
71
haemaphysalis: 1/2/3 host tick, ornate vs inornate scutum, special thing about palps
3 host tick
inornate
laterally flared second segment = beyond basis capitulum
72
main species of haemaphysalis
haemaphysalis leporispalustris
73
haemaphysalis leporispalustris: generic name, main host
rabbit tick
rabbits
74
ticks: clinical importance/adverse effects (5)
tick toxicosis
bite wound
blood loss = anemia
ill thrift/tick worry
red meat allergy
75
treatment for ticks (general)
asaricides
76
epidemiology of argasidae vs ixodidae (what regions found)
argasidae = arid regions of USA
ixodidae = all over USA
