Lecture 5 Individual Differences And Assessment

Question 1

Behavioral change

Answer 1

1. Specifying
2. Measure
3. ABC analysis
4. Feedback
5. Goalsetting
6. R+

Question 2

conscious v. unconscious in decision making

Answer 2

Simple decisions are best made by the conscious

Complex decisions are best made by the unconscious mind

Question 3

Individual Differences:

Answer 3

Dissimilarities between or among 2 or more people

Question 4

1890 –

Answer 4

Cattell & concept of “mental test”

Question 5

what disciplines are concerned with individual differences?

Answer 5

Differential psychology

Psychometrics

Question 6

validity in recruitment

Answer 6

false positive, correct positive etc.

Question 7

Incremental validity

Answer 7

Value in terms of increased validity of adding a particular predictor to an existing selection system

Question 8

Cognitive Abilities

Intelligence as “g”

Answer 8

Involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, comprehend complex ideas, & learn from experience

Question 9

Value of GMA (general mental ability)

Answer 9

intelligence leads to knowledge leads to performance

Question 10

Work sample test has the highest validity, however it is

Answer 10

1. Expensive

2. Not usefull for candidates without experience

Question 11

The Five Factor Model (FFM)

Answer 11

Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, Openness and emotional stability

Question 12

Controversial Assessment Practices

Graphology
Polygraph

Answer 12

Graphology
Assumes traits can be assessed from various characteristics of a person’s handwriting

Polygraph
Machine that measures person’s physiological reactions & signals deception

Question 13

Additional ProposedIndividual Differences

Answer 13

1. Skills
   Practiced acts
   Technical & non-technical
2. Knowledge
   Collection of discrete but related facts & information about a particular domain
   Procedural knowledge → knowing “how”
   Declarative knowledge → knowing “that”

Question 14

3. Competencies

Answer 14

Sets of behaviors instrumental in accomplishing various activities
Combination of individual difference characteristics
Emotional intelligence
Awareness of our own & others’ emotions
Controversial construct

Question 15

What is a Test?

Answer 15

Objective & standardized procedure for measuring a psychological construct using a sample of behavior

Question 16

What is the meaning of a test score?

Answer 16

Norming & norm groups used to interpret & give meaning to a score

Question 17

Test users & test interpretation

Answer 17

Importance of training test administrators to correctly understand & interpret results

Question 18

Testing & Culture

Bias
Fairness

Answer 18

Bias
Situation in which a given test results in statistical errors of prediction for a subgroup

Fairness
Value judgment about actions or decisions based on test scores

Question 19

Emotional intelligence

Answer 19

Controversial construct with continued research investigating its links with Big 5, cognitive ability, and work outcomes

Ability-based EI measures have lower overlap with Big 5 personality measures, whereas self-report EI measures overlap strongly with Big 5

Question 20

Integrity Testing
Overt Integrity Test
Personality Based Integrity Test

Answer 20

Overt Integrity Test
Asks questions directly about past honesty behavior (stealing, etc.) as well as attitudes toward various behaviors (employee theft, etc.)
Personality Based Integrity Test
Test that infers honesty and integrity from questions dealing with broad personality constructs (conscientiousness, reliability, and social responsibility)

Question 21

Interviews

Answer 21

Structured interview
Situational interview
Unstructured interview
Tend to cover job knowledge, abilities, skills, personality, & person-org. fit