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Y2 - Head N Neck > Lecture 5 - Intro To Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Intro To Neuroanatomy Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What structures make up the central nervous system?

A

Brain
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Spinal and cranial nerves

Sympathetics and parasympathetic

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3
Q

What tissues make up the nervous system?

A

Neurones
Glial cells/Neuroglia e.g Astrocytes
Stroma or connective tissue

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4
Q

In terms of the brains orientation, which part is rostral and which part is caudal?

A

Rostral = toward nostril (front/anterior)

Caudal = tail end (posterior)

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5
Q

In terms of the brains orientation, which part is dorsal and which part is ventral?

A

Dorsal is the top side (like a dorsal fin)

Ventral is the underside

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6
Q

What are the 3 main brain parts of the Central Nervous System?

A

Forebrain

Brainstem

Cerebellum

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7
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Forebrain?

A

Cerebrum

Diencephalon

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8
Q

What makes up the diencephalon in the forebrain?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Relays sensory information to he surface of the brain

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10
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem? (from most superior to inferior r?

A

Midbrain (Top)

Pons (Middle)

Medulla (Bottom)

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11
Q

What does the medulla oblongata become as soon as it passes through the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord

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12
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Modulates certain motor functions and balance

Connects to the brainstem and spinal cord

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13
Q

Go to the last lecture slide and label the central nervous system’s

A

1 = forebrain
2 = cerebrum
3 = diencephalon
4 = ventricles
5 = thalamus
6 = hypothalamus
7 = midbrain
8 = pons
9 = medulla
10 = brainstem
11 = cerebellum

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14
Q

What are the gyri/ what is a gyrus?

A

Bulges in the brains cortex

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15
Q

What are the Sulci/what is a sulcus?

A

When the cortex dips inwards

(If you’re in a sulk you are down/in a dip)

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16
Q

How is white and grey matter positioned in the brain?

A

Grey matter more superficial
White matter deep

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17
Q

Why is white matter white and grey matter grey?

A

White matter containers myelinated axons (which are lipid covered)
Grey matter is a collection of cell bodies

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18
Q

What are the 2 types of fissures of the brain / cerebrum?

A

Longitudinal fissure
Lateral fissures

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19
Q

What dural fold is found in the longitudinal fissure?

A

Falx cerebri

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20
Q

What are the 4 different lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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21
Q

What is the line separating the frontal and parietal lobe?

A

Central sulcus

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22
Q

What separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe?

A

Lateral fissure

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23
Q

What is the line called that separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe that is only visible in the Sagittal plane?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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24
Q

What is the corpus collosum?

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A

White matter visible in the Sagittal view of the brain

25
What is the function of the corpus collosum?
Allows for communication between the 2 hemispheres It’s packed full of neuronal axons (white matter)
26
What is the name of the cavity that the corpus collosum surrounds?
Ventricles
27
What is contained within the ventricles of the Brian?
CSF
28
What is the name of the membrane that separates the 2 ventricles in the brain ?
Septum pellucidum
29
Where does the hypothalamus sit with respect to the thalamus?
Hypothalamus anterior / more rostral to the thalamus
30
Go to the last slide and label the brains
1 = frontal lobe 2 = parietal lobe 3 = temporal lobe 4 = occipital lobe 5 = cerebellum 6 = central sulcus 7 = lateral fissures 8 = parieto-occipital sulcus 9 = corpus collosum 10 = midbrain 11 = pons 12 = medulla oblongata 13 = hypothalamus 14 = thalamus 15 = septum pellucidum 16 = corpus collosum
31
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Voluntary motor control Higher cognition Speech production Social behaviour Impulse control
32
What is the function of the parietal lobe of the brain?
Somatosensory perception Spatial awareness
33
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Visual perception
34
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Coordination and motor learning
35
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Hearing Taste Long term memory Emotion Language
36
What is the Uncus?
Part of the temporal lobe
37
What is the clinical relevance of the Uncus?
With an increase in intracranial pressure the Uncus can herniate over the edge of the tentorium cerebelli compressing the 3rd cranial nerve (occulomotor nerve)
38
What lobe is the primary motor cortex located in?
Frontal
39
What lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex located in?
Parietal
40
What lobe is the primary visual cortex located in?
Occipital lobe
41
What lobe is the primary auditory cortex located in?
Temporal lobe
42
What part of the frontal lobe is the primary motor cortex located in?
Pre-central gyrus
43
What part of the parietal lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex located in?
Post-central gyrus
44
How are the body parts supplied with innervation as you move from the inferior most part of the pre and post central sulcus to the most superior part?
Head -> Neck -> Arms > Trunk -> Legs
45
What is located in the brain stem?
The nuclei of cranial nerves Sensory an motor pathways run up through brainstem
46
What is the major function midbrain of brainstem?
Eye movement (Pupil response to light0
47
What is the major function Pons of brainstem?
Feeding Sleep and consciousness
48
What is the major function medulla of brainstem?
Auto regulation of breathing and heart rate (Cardiovascular and respiratory function)
49
How does the 1 side of the brain end up supplying the contralateral part of the body (opposite)?
The neuronal pathways decussate
50
What level does the motor pathways from the primary motor cortex to spinal nerves decussate?
Lower medulla
51
What are the 2 types of motor neurone involved in the motor pathway from the primary motor cortex to spinal nerves?
Upper motor neurone Lower motor neurone
52
Where are upper motor neurones and lower motor neurones located in the motor pathway of primary motor cortex to spinal nerve?
Upper motor neurone = CNS decessation occurs Lower motor neurone = PNS then exits in spinal nerve
53
How does the motor pathway for primary motor cortex to cranial nerves differ to spinal nerves?
Level of decussation
54
Where do the motor pathways decussate in primary motor cortex to cranial nerves?
Decussate in brainstem at the same level of the cranial nerve nuceli it’s communicating with
55
What is special about cranial nerves compared to spinal nerves in terms of where they can receive inputs?
Cranial nerves have a cortical input back up from the Ipsilateral motor cortex Meaning if the normal contralateral input is damaged, the motor cortex on the same side can take over
56
What is each hemisphere of the cerebellum called?
Tonsils
57
What is the name of the structure which connects each tonsil (half of cerebellum) to the brainstem?
Cerebellar peduncles
58
Look at the last slide, label the CT bone head image:
1 = anterior cranial fossa 2 = middle cranial fossa 3 = Petrous part of temporal bone 4 = posterior cranial fossa 5 = occipital bone + lambdoid suture

Y2 - Head N Neck (24 decks)

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