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PT9111 - Test 4 > Lecture 54 - Pharmacology 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 54 - Pharmacology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of cardiovascular drugs

A
  1. Anti-hypertensives
  2. Vasodilators
  3. Cholesterol lowering agents
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2
Q

All ACE inhibitors end in

A

-prils

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3
Q

Function of ACE inhibitors

A

Blood pressure lowering drugs which increase supply of blood to heart reducing after load (resistance of heart pumping out blood

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4
Q

What are the adverse reactions of ACE inhibitors

A
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5
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excess potassium in blood

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6
Q

How common is a cough with ACE inhibitors and why

A

Dry, persistent cough occurs because ACE inhibitor pathway inhibits bradykinin (up to 40%) triggering coughing reflex-> will occur the entire time

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7
Q

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) end in

A

-sartans

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8
Q

T or F: ARBs have the same function as ACE inhibotrs

A

T, Blood pressure lowering drugs which increase supply of blood to heart reducing after load (resistance of heart pumping out blood)

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9
Q

What is the advantaged of ARB’s over ACE Inhibitors

A

Have same adverse reactions except NO COUGH

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10
Q

What are 4 types of beta blockers

A
  1. Cardioselective (only need to know this one but be aware of others)
  2. Non-selective
  3. With alpha blocking
  4. With ISA (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity)
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11
Q

Beta blockers end in

A

-lols

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12
Q

What do beta blockers do

A

Cause bronchoconstriction and decreases heart rate and blood flow

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13
Q

What are the adverse reactions of betablockers and key things to watch out for with comorbidities (2)

A
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14
Q

What are the 6 symptoms of hypoglycemia

A
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15
Q

What is important about taking beta blockers and being diabetic

A

Beta blockers mask all symptoms of hypoglycemia except sweating, so diabetics must watch out for sweating if on beta blockers

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16
Q

Alpha agonists function

A

Dilate blood vessels and decrease blood pressure

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17
Q

Alpha agonists end in

A

-zosins

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18
Q

What are the adverse effects of alpha agonists

A
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19
Q

What is the function of vasodilator drugs

A

Relax smooth muscle and open up vasculature

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20
Q

What are the 2 main types of vasodilator drugs

A
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21
Q

What are the adverse reactions of vasodilator drugs

A
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22
Q

What are the 3 main types of diuretics

A
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23
Q

What is the function of diuretics

A

-Used to help with patients who are retaining fluid and have congestive heart failure (remove fluid)
-Support kidneys in removing water from body but can cause electrolyte loss or gane

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24
Q

What are the adverse reactions of diuretics

A
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25
Q

What is the function of cholesterol lowering agents

A

Lower cholesterol and reduce cardiovascular mobility especially after strokes or other cardiovascular events

26
Q

Cholesterol reducing agents end in

A

-statins

27
Q

What is the difference between short and long half life of cholesterol lowering agents

A

Long half life = given any time of day
Short half life = given in evening after dinner so it peaks when body is producing highest level of cholesterol

28
Q

What are the adverse reactions of cholesterol reducing agents

A

Rhabdomyolysis = break down of muscle

29
Q

What are 3 practical points for PT’s to keep in mind in terms of cardiovascular drugs

A
30
Q

What are the 2 types of respiratory drugs

A
  1. Bronchodilators
  2. Corticosteroids (inhaled or oral)
31
Q

Bronchodilator function (Short Acting Beta Agonists)

A

-Reverse bronchoconstriction by decreasing smooth muscle tone
-Beta-agonist = do opposite of beta blockers

32
Q

What are the 2 types of bronchodilators

A
33
Q

What are the adverse reactions and key points of bronchodilators (2)

A

1) Use 10-15 mins before exercise to help with performance
2) Should be used no more than 4 x a wekk and if so need to up prescription

34
Q

Anticholinergics function

A

-Used in COPD where bronchoconstriction is destructive vs restrictive
-Block cholinergic receptors

35
Q

What are the 2 types of anticholinergics

A
36
Q

What are the adverse reactions of anticholinergics

A
37
Q

What is the function of anti-inflammatory (oral and inhaled corticosteroids)

A

-Preventer medications
-Started at onset of cold or worsening asthma

38
Q

Types of anti-inflammatory (inhaled corticosteroids)

A
39
Q

What are the adverse reactions of anti-inflammatory (inhaled corticosteroids)

A
40
Q

T or F: You cannot combine different bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories

A

F, you can

41
Q

What are the types of anti-inflammatory (oral corticosteroids)

A
42
Q

What are the adverse reactions of anti-inflammatory (oral corticosteroids)

A

ST/MC = most common and short term

43
Q

What are 3 practical points to keep in mind for PT’s in regards to respiratory drugs

A
44
Q

Multimodal pain management

A
45
Q

What are the 6 benefits of multi-modal pain management

A
46
Q

What are common types of adjuvant drugs and their role (8)

A
47
Q

Anticonvulsants (carbamazepine) role, mechanism and adverse reactions

A
48
Q

Anticonvulsants (Gabapentin/pregabalin) role, mechanism and adverse reactions

A
49
Q

Antidepressants (amitriptyline/Nortriptyline) role, mechanism, and adverse reactions

A
50
Q

Antidepressants (Venlafaxine/Duloxetine) role, mechanism, and adverse reactions

A
51
Q

Benzodiazepines functions

A

Increase GABA

52
Q

What are the 2 types of benzodiazepines

A
53
Q

Why are so many people with chronic pain put on benzodiazepines

A

Many patients are put on these because of anxiety because anxiety increases pain and outflow of pain and benzodiazepines fix that (dysphoric)

54
Q

When should you prescribe short acting vs long acting diazepines

A
55
Q

What are 2 types of muscle relaxants

A
56
Q

What is the function of centrally-acting muscle relaxants and how do you intake them

A
57
Q

What is the function of direct acting muscle relaxants and how do you intake them

A
58
Q

What are 3 practical points for PT’s to keep in mind in terms of adjuvant drug therapy

A
59
Q

What is the role, dosage, and effect length of steroid injections

A
60
Q

What are the adverse reactions of steroid injections

A
61
Q

What is the practical point for PT’s in terms of steroid injections

A

PT9111 - Test 4 (14 decks)

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