Lecture 57 - Gait Assessment Flashcards
(46 cards)
What are the 4 purposes of a gait assessment
What is the difference between a step and a stride?
Step: Each time a leg goes forward
Stride: When one of each left foot and right foot occur in succession
T or F: We are in stance more than swing because we have 2 legs increasing our stance time
T
What is indicated by the purple band in the figure
It indicates dual contact time, which occurs 10% of the time, that is responsible for providing more stability and is a critical weight shift
Step length vs stride length
What are 5 spatial and temporal gait parameters
What is the division of the gait cycle
Gait Kinematics
Describes movement patterns without regard for the forces involved in producing the movement (based on observational gait analysis = qualitative)
Describe the gait kinematics of the ankle
Describe the gait kinematics of the knee
Describe the gait kinematics of the hip
Describe the gait kinematics of the pelvis
When extending, the hip pelvis is going to rotate and swing forward which drops the pelvis
Describe the gait kinematics of the upper extremities
Arm goes behind the leg that is swinging forward and vice versa
Is it important to check arm kinematics during a gait analysis
Yes, there should be critical periods of shoulder extension and elbow flexion during gait cycle
What are the 3 main muscle groups involved in gait
What are the actions of eccentric and concentric contraction of the ankle, hip and knee joint during the gait cycle
NOTE: Red circle indicates eccentric contraction while the rest of the black lines are concentric
-Every muscle group has dead zones and breaks and doesn’t load the entire time
-Each muscle group works in different patterns (eccentric vs concentric)
-Muscles work eccentrically not to just push off but to provide control
-Need all muscles of the chain to work or else they will cause overcompensation and problems in other areas
Describe the contractility of the ankle during gait
-During plantar flexion they work eccentrically initially and move into concentric to push off
-There is a dead zone in between PF and DF where momentum carries us through into swing phase
Describe the contractility of the knee during gait
-Quadricep is eccentric to prevent collapsing of the knee during extension and then at end of gait the quad works concentrically to bring the leg to the ground at terminal swing
-Flexion would be using hamstring
Describe the contractility of the hip during gait
-Hip works eccentrically for loading to prevent a loss of pelvic alignment (would tip too forward)
-Pre-swing phase we need concentric contraction (hip flexor like iliopsoas and rectus femoris) to clear the ground and bring leg forward
-Then work eccentrically to prevent overcompensation and swinging too far to maintain a neutral pelvis
Quiet Standing
Ability to stand still which is a preliminary requirement for walking
Is the BOS changing in quiet standing?
No it is not changing so the center of gravity should fall within the BOS, if not = gait problems
NOTE: Base of support is checkered circle
Is the BOS changing during walking?
Yes BOS is continually changing and so is the contact surface of the foot. The COG never makes it quite over the BOS so walking is a series of falling and catching because our COG is caught before going outside the BOS to maintain stability
Is propulsion needed to allow progression of the body forward?
Yes
What are the 3 determinants of progression (propulsion)
- Action of “foot rockers” -> foot behaves like a pivot system
- Forward fall of body weight
- Generation of propulsive forces
