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Physiology Exam 3 > Lecture 59-Hypothalamic-Pituitary Relationships > Flashcards

Lecture 59-Hypothalamic-Pituitary Relationships Flashcards

1
Q

What does the hypothalamic-pituitary unit regulate?

A

Functions of thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive glands

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2
Q

What does the hypothalamic-pituitary unit control?

A

Control growth, milk, production/ejection, osmoregulation

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3
Q

What do the hormones produced by the hypothalamus stimulate/release hormones of?

A

By pituitary

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4
Q

What is another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary? What does this lobe consist of?

A

Adenohypophysis

Pars tuberalis
Pars intermedia
Pars distairs

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5
Q

What is another name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary? What does this lobe consist of?

A

Neurohypophysis

Pars nervous a
Infundubular stalk

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6
Q

What are hypothalamic functions?

A

Coordinates thirst, appetite, temperature regulation, autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

What are factors that influence the hypothalamus?

A

Pain, sleep, emotions (fear, rage), olfactory, light, thoughts

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8
Q

Which neurotransmitters influence the hypothalamus?

A

Dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, GABA, beta-endorphin

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9
Q

Where does the pituitary gland sit?

A

Beneath hypothalamus in sella turcica (bone socket)

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10
Q

What do posterior pituitary contain?

A

Neurons descending from hypothalamus (supraoptic and paraventricualr areas)

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11
Q

Where is neurohypophysis derived from?

A

Neural tissue

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12
Q

Where is adenohypophysis derived from?

A

Primitive foregut tissue

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13
Q

Adenohypophysis have _____ (median eminence) and ______ (lower infundibular stem) hypophysial portral vessel

A

Long
Short

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14
Q

Where are hypothalamic-releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate anterior pituitary function released from?

A

Terminal axons at the median eminence

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15
Q

Describe portal vessels blood supply.

A

Blood supply is venous blood from hypothalamus—portal system of capillaries connected to anterior pituitary

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16
Q

(TRUE/FALSE) Hypothalamic hormones generally DON’T appear in systemic circulation

A

True

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17
Q

Where do hypothalamic hormones deliver directly to?

A

Anterior pituitary in high concentrations

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18
Q

Why is portal blood supply to anterior pituitary important?

A
  1. Hypothalamic hormones delivered directly to anterior pituitary in high concentrations
  2. Hypothalamic hormones generally don’t appear in systemic circulation
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19
Q

Releasing and inhibiting hormones from hypothalamus released into _________ ______ ______ at _______ _______.

A

Hypophyseal portal veins

Median eminence

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20
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates ….

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin

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21
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates ….

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

22
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates …

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates adrenocorticotropin (ACTH

23
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates ….

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates growth hormone (GH)

24
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone) inhibits ….

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Inhibits GH, prolactin

25
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF) stimulates ….

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates prolactin

26
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Dopamine (prolactin-inhibiting factor) inhibits ….

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Inhibits prolactin (primary inhibitor of prolactin) inhibits ACTC, stimulates GH

27
Q

What are the (5) tropic cells of the anterior pituitary?

A

Thyrotrophs
Gonadotrophs
Corticotrophs
Somatotrophs
Lactototrophs

28
Q

Where do tropic cells aggregate in regions within?

A

Anterior pituitary

29
Q

What are the hormones synthesized in anterior pituitary?

A

Peptides or polypeptides

30
Q

Secretion of hormones is ______ in response to _______ ________.

A

Episodic
Hypothalamic hormones

31
Q

What are the (6) anterior pituitary hormones?

A

TSH
LH
ACTH
GH
Prolactin
FSH

32
Q

What is the target tissue for TSH?

A

Thyroid gland (T3, T4)

33
Q

What is the target tissue for LH?

A

Gonads

34
Q

What is the target tissue for ACTH?

A

Adrenal gland

35
Q

What is the target tissue for GH?

A

All tissues

36
Q

What is the target tissue for prolactin?

A

Mammary glands and gonads

37
Q

What is the target tissue for FSH?

A

Gonads

38
Q

What are stimulators of TSH?

A

TRH (from hypothalamus)
Decreases in T3 and T4

39
Q

What are inhibitors of TSH?

A

Dopamine
Somatostatin
Increases in T3 and T4

40
Q

What does POMC give rise to?

A

Multiple peptide hormones

*melanocyte-stimulating hormone ACTH
*beta-endorphins

41
Q

What is ACTHC initially secreted as?

A

Pre- pro-hormone POMC

42
Q

What is the ACTH intermediate?

A

Pro-hormone

43
Q

What are stimulators of ACTH?

A

CRH, decrease in cortisol, ADH, stress

44
Q

What are inhibitors of ACTH?

A

Increase in cortisol, ACTH, somatostatin, dopamine

45
Q

What is PPID in horses?

A

Neurons controlling release of dopamine can be lost in Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction. In PPID neurons control release of dopamine and inhibition of ACTH is lost

46
Q

What are stimulators of gonadotrophic hormones?

A

GnRH
Activity
Pheromones

47
Q

What are inhibitors of gonadotrophic hormones?

A

Testosterone
Estrogen
Inhibit
Melatonin

48
Q

What do LH and FSH regulate?

A

Development, growth, reproductive maturation processes and sex steroid hormone secretion of the gonads of either sex

49
Q

What does prolactin stimulate? What does it inhibit?

A

Stimulates mammary gland development
Inhibits GnRH

50
Q

What are stimulators of lactotroph secretion?

A

TRH
Estrogen
Suckling
PRF?????? (Action still being investigated)

51
Q

What are inhibitors of lactotroph secretion?

A

Dopamine
Somatostatin
Prolactin

52
Q

Which stimulator does Dopamine override effects of?

A

TRH

Physiology Exam 3 (17 decks)

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