lecture 6

Question 1

whats the environment that the cell is found in called

Answer 1

extracellular matrix

Question 2

what lines the lumen

Answer 2

epithelial cells

Question 3

what does the glycocalyx play a role in

Answer 3

cell communication

Question 4

do all cells have a glycocalyx

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

what does the glycocalyx involve

Answer 5

glycolipids
glycoproteins
proteoglycans

Question 6

what makes up the basement membrane

Answer 6

a thin dense layer of extracellular matrix

Question 7

where is the basement membrane

Answer 7

in between epithelial cells and connective tissue

Question 8

what does the basement membrane surround

Answer 8

nerves
muscles
fat cells

Question 9

what is the basement membrane made of

Answer 9

collagen
laminine
glycoproteins

Question 10

what kind of proteins are in the extracellular matrix

Answer 10

fibrous proteins that create a mesh

Question 11

what are the 3 major molecules of extracellular matrix

Answer 11

adhesive proteins
structural proteins
proteoglycans

Question 12

what do adhesive proteins do and what are examples

Answer 12

they hold cells together and form organized tissue
integrins
cadherins

Question 13

what do structural proteins do and what are examples

Answer 13

tensile and compressive strength

collagen
elastin
keratin

Question 14

what does collagen do

Answer 14

provides firmness and resistance

Question 15

what does elastin do

Answer 15

provides stretch

Question 16

what does keratin do and where do you find it

Answer 16

provides strength and toughness

in hair and nails

Question 17

what is compressive strength

Answer 17

the ability of a structure to withstand loads that tend to reduce size or compress

Question 18

what is tensile strength

Answer 18

maximum stress on a material that’s being pulled or stretched before it breaks

Question 19

where is collagen found

Answer 19

only within extracellular matrix

Question 20

whats the most abundant protein in the human body

Answer 20

collagen with 25%

Question 21

what is collagen 1

Answer 21

bone, skin, tendon

Question 22

whats the most found type of collagen

Answer 22

1 with 90%

Question 23

what is collagen 2

Answer 23

cartilage

Question 24

what is collagen 3

Answer 24

reticulin, blood vessels

Question 25

what is collagen 4

Answer 25

basement membrane

Question 26

what is collagen produced by

Answer 26

fibroblasts

Question 27

is collagen found in cells

Answer 27

no

Question 28

what is the structure of collagen type 1

Answer 28

triple helix of alpha chains

Question 29

does collagen undergo post transitional modification

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

what kind of residues does collagen have lots of

Answer 30

proline residues

Question 31

what type of collagen is in the basement membrane

Answer 31

type 4

Question 32

whats the arrangement of type 4 collagen in basement membrane

Answer 32

branching and more flexible

Question 33

what uses collagen as its primary structure

Answer 33

tendons cornea

Question 34

what kind of vitamins deficiency is scurvy

Answer 34

vitamine C (ascorbic acid)

Question 35

why does scurvy happen

Answer 35

vitamine c is a cofactor involved in the hydroxylation of lysine within collagen which is an essential process to collagen strength

Question 36

what is dermatoheliosis

Answer 36

drooping skin can be cause by UV radiation exposure

Question 37

what does UV do to collagen

Answer 37

decreases collagen synthesis increases collagen degradation and disorganizes elastin

Question 38

what is a proteoglycan

Answer 38

protein core + sugar chain

Question 39

what is glyosoaminoglycan

Answer 39

the sugar chain attached to the protein core in proteoglycans

Question 40

what provides hydration and cushioning in the extracellular matrix

Answer 40

proteoglycans

Question 41

whats the structure of proteoglycans

Answer 41

repeating disaccharide structure of ABAB

Question 42

why are proteoglycans kinda like gel

Answer 42

because their sugar chains attract water and the proteins are very very hydrated because of that

Question 43

where are proteoglycans found in large amounts

Answer 43

basement membrane cartilage

Question 44

wats the structure of fibronectin

Answer 44

2 polypeptides chains held together by disulfide bonds

Question 45

whats unique about fibronectin

Answer 45

it has multiple binding sites and cell surface receptors

Question 46

what attaches cell and extracellular matrix

Answer 46

cell surface receptors of fibronectin

Question 47

what plays a role in embryo development

Answer 47

fibronectin

Question 48

whats the structure of laminin

Answer 48

3 polypeptide chains held together by disulfide bonds

Question 49

what does laminin strengthen

Answer 49

basement membrane

Question 50

what are collagen IV and laminin connected by

Answer 50

entactin in the basement membrane

Question 51

what is wound healing

Answer 51

matrix metalloproteinases

Question 52

is the ECM dynamic

Answer 52

yes

Question 53

what forms the basic insoluble framework of the ECM

Answer 53

collagen

Question 54

what forms the parallel network in the ECM

Answer 54

laminins