Lecture 6: Eating and Sleep Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Three major types of DSM-V-TR eating disorders
A
- anorexia nervosa
- bulimia nervosa
- binge eating disorder
2
Q
eating disorders involve
A
- severe disruptions in eating behaviour
- extreme fear and apprehension about gaining weight
- strong sociocultural origins
3
Q
Bulimia nervosa
A
- eating larger amounts of food (usually junk food)
- eating is experienced as “out of control”
- almost always purging techniques
- vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, fasting, excessive exercise
- 57& exercise excessively
4
Q
2 subtypes of bulimia nervosa
A
- purging type (2/3 cases)
- non purging type
5
Q
medical consequences of bulimia nervosa
A
- salivary gland enlargement
- dental enamel erosion (inner surface of front teeth)
- electrolyte imbalance can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, renal failure
- increase in mood disorders and substance abuse
6
Q
anorexia nervosa
A
- nervous loss of appetite
- less common than Bulimia (there is overlap between the two disorders)
- lives are put in danger because they are so successful at losing weight
- proud of their diets and self-control
- intense fear of obesity (punishing exercise common)
7
Q
diagnosis of anorexia nervosa
A
- body weight 15% below what is expected and marked disturbance in body image
- e.g. 150lb - 15% = 127lb where Dr. can diagnose
8
Q
2 types of anorexia nervosa
A
- restricting type
- binge-eating-purging type (diff than bulimia: smaller amounts of food and consistent purges)
9
Q
medical consequences of anorexia nervosa
A
- amenorrhea
- dry skin, brittle hair/nails, sensitivity to cold
- common to see lanugo (downy hair on limbs)
- cardiovascular problems (low bp and HR)
- if vomiting, bulimia consequences
10
Q
Anorexia and Bulimia Statistics
A
Bulimia:
- became a distinct disorder in 1970s
- 90-95% are women
- sometimes in men (often athletes)
- onset 16-19
- 6-8% women on uni campuses
- lifetime prevalence 1.1% female and 0.1% male
Anorexia:
- 90-95% female
- onset age 13
- more chronic and more resistant to treatment than Bulimia
11
Q
Causes of eating disorders
A
- Social Dimensions
- most culturally specific disorder diagnosed
- strong relationships between media and eating disorder symptoms
- friendship cliques are important to eating behaviours and body image - Family Influences
- the family is often successful, hard-driving, concerned about external appearances
- often deny or ignore conflicts
- mothers = society’s messengers in wanting daughters to be thin - Biological Dimensions
- genetic component (tends to run in families)
- emotional instability
- poor impulse control
- hypothalamus involvement and major neurotransmitter systems
- low serotonin associated with impulsivity and binge - Psychological Dimensions
- diminished sense of personal control and confidence
- perfectionistic (must first consider themselves overweight)
- low self-esteem
- preoccupied with appearances
- perceive themselves as frauds
- distortions in perceptions of body shape
12
Q
Binge-eating disorder
A
- engage in food binges but do not engage in compensatory behaviours
- associated with 3+ of the following:
- eating rapidly
- eating until feeling uncomfortably full
- eating large portions when not hungry
- eating alone due to embarrassment
- feeling disgusted at oneself
13
Q
features of the binge-eater
A
- many are obese
- most are older than bulimics and anorexics
- more psychopathology than obese people who do not binge
- share similar concerns as anorexics and bulimics regarding shape and weight
14
Q
types of sleep-wake disorders
A
- insomnia disorder
- hypersomnolence disorder
- narcolepsy
- breathing-related sleep disorder
- circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
- non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep arousal disorder
- restless legs syndrome
- substance/medication-induced sleep disorder
15
Q
methods of assessing disordered sleep
A
- polysomnographic evaluation (PSG)
- electroencephalography (EEG) leg movements and brain wave activity
- electrooculography (EOG) eye movements
