Lecture 6 Joint Action

Question 1

When trying to predict movements of basketball players, experts did not outperform novices when

Answer 1

Static slides were shown, suggesting that experts may have tapped into their own action repertoire

Question 2

Synchronisation

Answer 2

Planned coordination

Question 3

What part of the body is important for proprioceptive knowledge?

Answer 3

Golgi Tendon

Question 4

Two types of joint action

Answer 4

Emergent –> Momentary way to synchronise joint action
Planned

Question 5

To succeed in joint action

Answer 5

A must predict B and B must predict A

Question 6

Synchronisation is

Answer 6

moving together at the same time and or same place
–> Three forms of synchronisation
Form
Time
Phase

Question 7

Spinal Level

Answer 7

How the nerves interact to send information to or away from the brain

Question 8

Movement is

Answer 8

Controlling imbalance due to displacement of centre of gravity

Question 9

Proximal level

Answer 9

Whole body

Question 10

Distal Level

Answer 10

Arm, leg or foot e.g.

Question 11

Information-processing theory

Answer 11

Practice makes perfect!
–> The focus is on mostly on the development of the technique of the motor programme
–> Repeat, repeat, drills, drills
(kinda bs lol)

Question 12

Why is information-processing theory bad

Answer 12

Difficult to transfer to game
May not be specific enough to help you with what you want
May also choke
Doesn’t help with decision making

Question 13

Dynamical System Theory

Answer 13

Less static and more dynamic
Looking at where patterns emerge in the system as a result of the controller
–> Not just repitition repition but what happens when something
–> How does the system (the human) adapt

Question 14

Coupled Oscillators

Answer 14

How do bodies move in and out

Question 15

How is a flock of birds a coupled oscillator

Answer 15

It is an emergent system, there is no planned behaviour or controllers. The system of birds changes as a result of whats happening inside the flock.

Question 16

How do dynamic systems differ from information processing models

Answer 16

By the way the action is produced.
–> They are emergent as motor behaviour results from the interaction of many systems such as biological. These constantly change
–> Skilful behaviour results from the high-dimensional interactions within and between the actor and the environment

Question 17

Ecological Psychology

Question 18

Affordance

Answer 18

What are the elements in the environment that afford movement.
–> So if you step onto a step it is affording you the opportunity to step onto it. If it was water it wouldn’t be an affordant principle.
–> Aspects of the environment that invite/elicit behaviour

Question 19

The mutuality of the performer and the environment

Answer 19

The action of individuals cannot be understood without reference to their specific environment
–> The environment plays a HUGE role
–> Successful performance in any setting you must include the environment

Question 20

According to the ecological psychology theory how should you learn?

Answer 20

Learning should provide performers the opportunities to learn to perceive the key specifying information sources within a performance environment in order that they are able to produce functional solutions

Question 21

Perception action coupling

Answer 21

Practice needs to be representative for actions that you want to do. Novices dont typically have this while pros do.

–> If you practice in a mirror novice dancers might miss their partners hand as they relied on visual perception when training

Question 22

Behaviour emerges via a process of

Answer 22

Self-organisation as a result of the key constraints that are acting on the system

Question 23

Similarities between dance and sport

Answer 23

Emphasis on technical skill mastery
Emphasis on body control
Injuries frequently
High Goals
Hard Training.

Question 24

Differences between dance and sport

Answer 24

Musicality
Emotional
Subjective performance criteria

Question 25

Is a mirror an affordance for dancers?

Answer 25

Yes it affords the ability to get feedback

Question 26

When dancers have mirrors, in the study

Answer 26

Synchronisation increased when either member looked into it