Lecture 6 - Reading Comprehension Assessment and Improving Flashcards
What are Extrinsic Causes of reading disorders?
3
Minimal exposure to print
No instruction in how print works
Minimal opportunities to practice reading
What is Reading Comprehension?
What the reader knows and understands after reading a text.
Reading comprehension requires the reader to use __________ and ____________.
Cognitive processes
Knowledge resources
What does Reading Assessment gathers information about?
What a person retains after reading
Ask who? What? Why? Questions
What does Reading Intervention address?
Cognitive processes that occur during reading
What does Hyperlexic mean?
2
Good reading skills
Poor comprehension
What does Successful Reading Comprehension depends on?
3
Reader abilities
Text factors
Comprehension task that measures the process
Irwin defines Reading Comprehension as the process of using one’s own ________ (_________) and the ________ (_________) to infer the author’s _________.
Prior experiences (reader context)
Writer’s cues (text context)
Intended meaning
What does Irwin say that Reading Comprehension can involve?
4
Understanding and selectively recalling ideas in individual sentences (microprocesses)
Inferring relationships between clauses and/or sentences (integrative processes)
Organizing ideas around summarizing ideas (macroprocesses)
Making inferences not necessarily intended by the author (elaborative processes).
Irwin says that the processes in reading comprehension _________ (_________) and can be controlled and adjusted by the reader as required by the _________ (__________) and the total situation in which _________ (_________).
Work together (interactive hypothesis)
Reader’s goals (metacognitive processes)
Comprehension is taking place (situational context)
What are the components of reading comprehension?
10
Understanding print
Gaining new information from text
Understanding the genre of the text
Establishing a reciprocal relationship between the author and the reader
Integrating background information from the text
Taking the author’s perspective
Deriving the main idea from the text
Understanding which details support the topic and genre.
The ability to read various genres in varying but effective ways.
Reading to learn
What influences a reader’s comprehension?
4
Fluent Decoding and Language knowledge
Reader’s background knowledge of text
Reader’s inference abilities
Motivation to read
How do poor readers differ from good readers in inference abilities?
Poor readers have difficulty if can’t find the in text
What happens if boys are more motivated when reading?
They have more accuracy
What Text Factors can influence reading comprehension?
5
Readability and clarity of writing
Text structure/genre
Font size and type
Layout of text
Use of graphics/pictures
Snow, 2010 stated that it is a struggle to know where ___________.
Reading comprehension begins and ends
Are there levels of comprehension?
Yes
What are the four levels of Snow’s Model of Comprehension?
Word-level reading
Core Comprehension
Elaborated comprehension
Deeper Understanding
What is Word-Level Reading in Snow’s Model of Comprehension?
Decoding words
What is Core Comprehension in Snow’s Model of Comprehension?
3
Text memory
Making text based inferences
Linking text to world knowledge
What is Elaborated Comprehension in Snow’s Model of Comprehension?
(2)
Learning from reading
Broader concepts
(Our clients have trouble reaching this stage)
What is Deeper Understanding in Snow’s Model of Comprehension?
(2)
Taking the author’s perspective
Critical views of text
(Our clients have trouble reaching this stage)
What do we need to learn when assessing Reading Comprehension?
(7)
Decoding accuracy and fluency (how many right + how long to read)
How reader relates text to known information
Recall, paraphrase, give summary of texts
Use inference to interpret text
Construct interpretations,
Self-Determine when comprehending or not
Select and use appropriate strategies when not comprehending
(p. 151)
What is the purpose of Reading Assessment?
To plan instruction to help students read and learn
