Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY 102 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is memory?

A

a single term that reflects the retention of information over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 kinds of memory?

A
  • sensory memory
  • short-term memory
  • Long term memory
  • working memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is sensory memory?

A
  • each sense had it’s own system (eg. iconcic, echoic)
  • the duration is short, but capacity is very large
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is short term memory?

A
  • related to working memory,
  • duration of information lasts about 20 seconds
  • everything in your head right now
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who is tested sensory memory?

A
  • George Sperling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the duration for sensory memory?

A
  • 1/2 sec for visual
  • 2-4 seconds for auditory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long is the duration of short term memory?

A

duration of information lasts about 20 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the golden rule for short term memory?

A
  • 5+ or -2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is working memory?

A
  • holds information temporarily for analysis
  • up to 30 sec without rehearsal
  • limited to 5-9 items
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the duration of working memory?

A

up to 30 sec without rehearsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Chunking (short term memory)

A

way to group information in meaningful ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is rehearsal?

A
  • simple; repeat information
  • elaborate: make meaning of the information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the duration and capacity of longterm memory?

A

infinite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two types of long term memory?

A
  • explicit (declarative)
  • implicit (non- declarative)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are explicit memories?

A
  • Explicit memories are those we consciously try to remember and recall
  • storage of facts and events and is the type of memory you are aware of having and can consciously express
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 2 types of explicit memories?

A
  • episodic memory
  • semantic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is episodic memory ?

A
  • Episodic memory is information about events we have personally experienced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is semantic memory?

A
  • our knowledge about facts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are non- declarative or implicit memories?

A
  • Are not part of our consciousness.
  • They are memories formed from behaviors.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 2 types of implicit memories ?

A
  • procedural
  • emotional conditioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Procedural memory?

A
  • information about how to do things
  • where you are able to perform actions without consciously monitoring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Emotional Conditioning?

A
  • Memories acquired through classical conditioning, - you get when smelling the aroma of favorite food truck while walking by.
  • Associations are created implicitly between stimuli that commonly occur together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the three stages of memory?

A
  • encoding
  • storage
  • retrieval:
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Encoding

A

process of getting information into our memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is storage?

A

maintaining information over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is retrieval?

A

accessing information when you need it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do you need for succesful encoding?

A
  • Attention
    • unless you pay attention, it won’t be encoded
  • Depth of processing
    • phonological
    • visually
    • meaning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is phonological ?

A
  • sound of voice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are Mnemonics ?

A
  • Imagery
  • Name of expression
  • Chaining
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is imagery?

A
  • Attach image to help recall memory
  • the more bizarre, the better
31
Q

What is name of expression?

A
  • first letter each item in a list is re-arranged to form a list is re-arranged to form a phrase or word
  • please excuse my fear aunt sally
32
Q

What is Chaining?

A
  • development of a story or image that connects information
33
Q

What are memory traces? (engrams)

A
  • changes in our brain as a result of experiences
34
Q

What is consolidation?

A
  • process that stabilizes memory traces
  • like pen on paper
35
Q

What is Retention interval ?

A
  • time between encoding and retrieval
36
Q

What is Retrieval ?

A
  • process by which information is retrieved from memory
37
Q

What is the diffrencce between aviablability and acessability?

A
  • You know the humming of a song
  • the song was available, but you couldn’t access that
38
Q

You know it’s retrival when there is …..

A
  • cued recall
    • giving hints
  • recognition
    • given options and recognizing
39
Q

What are types of Encoding?

A
  • context dependent memory
  • state dependant memory
  • Mood dependant memory
40
Q

What is context dependent memory ?

A
  • match in physical or external context between encoding and retrieval

> if you learn in class, you will do better than learning in a coffee shop. because you are writing the exam in class.

> Scuba divers who learned words under water, remember better under water

41
Q

What is state dependant memory ?

A
  • match in internal/ mental context between encoding and retrieval

> memorize list of words while you’re drunk, other group memorizes while sober

> asked to recall the list of words

> sober people recalled words well while sober but not drunks

> drunk people who recalled words sober didn’t do well, but they did well while drunk

42
Q

What is Mood dependant memory?

A
  • match in mood between encoding and retrieval
43
Q

What are encoding failures?

A
  • information was never learned in the first place

> trying to find a shirt that you didn’t buy in the first place

44
Q

What are Retrieval failures ?

A
  • cues
  • tips of the tongue
45
Q

What are Interferences?

A
  • proactive
  • retroactive
46
Q

What is proactive?

A
  • old interferes with new

> call your new partner your old partner’s name

47
Q

What is retroactive?

A
  • new interferes with old

> call old partner your new partner’s name

48
Q

What are Serial position effects ?

A
  • probability of remembering depends on the position of items to remember
  • you remember the things at the begging and last, skip the middle
49
Q

What is the Von Restorff effect ?

A

tendency to remember distinctive stimuli ?

50
Q

What is Adaptive?

A

when you forget becasue it’s

  • painful or embarrassing
  • Efficient
51
Q

What is Amnesia ?

A
  • Memory disorder (biologically based)
52
Q

Who were the 7 sins of memory by?

A

Dr. Schacter

53
Q

What are the 7 sins of memory?

A
  • forgetting
  • transience
  • absent mindedness
  • blocking
  • misattribution
  • suggestibility
  • bias
54
Q

What is transience?

A

as time passes our ability to access decreases

55
Q

Who is Herman Ebbinghaus?

A
  • used himself as a subject
  • studied list 30 meaningless syllabus
  • recalled after certain intervals have passed
56
Q

What is Misattribution

A

confusing source of information

57
Q

What is suggestibility ?

A
  • distorted memories due to external sources
    • huge implications in eye testimony
    • cops use certain words that distort events
58
Q

What is the Misinformation effect (Dr. Elizabeth Loftus)

A

> did the car go through a yeild sign

> or the stop sign?

> she showed people a fake photo, with a yeild sign, and not a stop sign

59
Q

How do verbs influence eye testimony?

A
  • participants were asked to watch a video of two cars in an accident
  • responded to a number of questions
  • changed the verb: contacted, smashed, hit, bumped, or collided
  • then 1 month later, they were asked did you see broken glass
60
Q

What is Bias?

A
  • expectations and beliefs can distort memories
  • read a story about a political candidate, and you assume that they are white
61
Q

What is stereotypical bias ?

A
  • gender, race
  • age
  • body weight
62
Q

What is Egocentric ?

A
  • enhancing memories of the past
63
Q

What is Hindsight?

A

I knew it all along

64
Q

What is Persistence?

A
  • Memory is “stuck” in your head
  • unwanted memories
  • PTSD
65
Q

What is an Engram?

A

changes in our brain as a result of experiences (memory traces)

66
Q

Who was Karl Lashley?

A
  • locate areas of the brain where engrams are stored
  • trained rats to run mazes
  • create lesions in the brain
    • focused on the cerebral cortex
  • Equipotential hypothesis
67
Q

What is the Equipotential hypothesis?

A

another area of the brain can take over memory functions

68
Q

What is the Amygdala?

A
  • regulates fear and aggression
  • explicit and implicit memories
  • extinction of fear in rats
  • US - shock, NS - tone, UR/CR - fear
69
Q

What is the Cerebellum

A

implicit memories and conditioned response

70
Q

Which memeories are in the prefrontal cortex?

A
  • Semantic memory
  • Working memory
71
Q

What does the Hippocampus do in regard to memeories?

A
  • codes explicit memories
  • difficulties with forming new memories
72
Q

What are the two types of Amnesia ?

A
  • Anterograde
  • Retrograde
73
Q

What is Anterograde amnesia?

A
  • brain trauma
  • difficulties with new information
  • Clive wearing
74
Q

What is Retrograde amnesia?

A
  • brain trauma
  • difficulties with old information
  • Ex. NFL player Scott Bolzan

PSY 102 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions