Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Path 2 - Unit 1 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

immature erythrocytes that contain organelles

A

reticulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

two forms of reticulocytes that are specific to cats

A

Aggregate
Punctate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

form of reticulocyte specific to cats - large clumps of reticulum

A

aggregate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

form of reticulocyte specific to cats - 2 to 8 small blue granules

A

punctate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

left and right reticulocytes

A

aggregate
punctate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which species should you not do reticulocyte counts on because they don’t release reticulocytes

A

horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

higher percentage of reticulocytes means what

A

hemolytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lower percentage of reticulocytes means what

A

hemorrhagic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Four ways to classify anemia by etiology

A

hemolytic
hemorrhagic
iron deficiency
production disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

class of anemia etiology that is the result of erythrocyte destruction within the blood

A

hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

four causes of hemolytic anemia

A

immune related destruction
erythrocyte parasites
bacterial/viral
toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

class of anemia etiology from acute or chronic blood loss

A

hemorrhagic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

class of anemia etiology is from nutrient deficiencies or chronic blood loss

A

iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

class of anemia etiology from reduced rates of erythropoiesis or defective erythropoiesis

A

production disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do you calculate corrected reticulocyte count

A

(observed reticulocytes x observed PCV) / Normal PCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do you calculate reticulocyte production index

A

corrected reticulocyte percentage / maturation time from of reticulocytes from PCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what would the maturation time before if a dogs corrected reticulocyte count is 5% and reticulocyte maturation index is 2.5.

A

2 - which would mean 2 times the normal rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

valuable tool for diagnosis and prognosis in specific cases

A

bone marrow eval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

four reasons to do a bone marrow eval

A

unexplained anemia
unexplained immature cells
neoplastic diseases
parasitic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

two ways to collect bone marrow

A

aspiration biopsy
core biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

preferred locations for bone marrow aspiration biopsy

A

head of femur or humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

marrow smears should be made immediately if not mixed with what

A

EDTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how long can you wait to make a marrow smear if it is mixed with EDTA? And if not mixed with EDTA?

A

1 hour (mixed with EDTA)
immediately (not mixed with EDTA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

most useful technique for making a marrow smear

A

compression smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what must you always have to evaluate bone marrow films

A

differential WBC count from concurrent peripheral blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what happens to the fat in bone marrow as an animal ages

A

it increases with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

three ways to describe marrow samples

A

nucleated cells vs the amount of fat present:

acellular
hypercellular
hypocellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what does M:E ratio refer to when evaluating bone marrow

A

myeloid cells (WBCs) : erythroid cells (RBCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is a normal M:E ratio for bone marrow

A

0.75:1.0 and 2.0:1.0

30
Q

another way to classify bone marrow results, besides M:E ratio

A

maturation index

31
Q

Test of the ability for RBCs to withstand hemolysis in varying concentrations of saline

A

Erythrocyte osmotic fragility test

32
Q

abnormalities seen in bone marrow samples can be classified as changes in what two things

A

cell numbers or cell morphology

33
Q

five kinds of cell morphology that may be evident when examining bone marrow aspirate

A

Fibrinous inflammation
Chronic inflammation
Chronic Granulomatous inflammation
Chronic Pyogranulomatous
Neoplastic
Neoplasia

34
Q

two kinds of neoplasia seen in bone marrow disorders

A

Lymphoproliferative (too many lymphocytes)
myeloproliferative (too many blood cells)

35
Q

two ways to classify anemia (not etiology)

A

regenerative anemia
non regenerative anemia

36
Q

anemia from loss of RBC production

A

regenerative anemia

37
Q

anemia from RBC loss or destruction

A

non regenerative anemia

38
Q

which class of anemia show reticulocytes and larger RBCs

A

regenerative anemia

39
Q

which class of anemia shows macrocytosis and Howell-Jolly bodies

A

regenerative anemia

40
Q

which class of anemia shows a reduced MCHC (Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and why does this happen

A

regenerative anemia

because younger RBCs have less hemoglobin in them

41
Q

mature red blood cells that are larger than normal

A

macrocytosis

42
Q

more immature red blood cells than what’s considered normal

A

polychromasia

43
Q

If the regenerative response is strong enough, you may see what

A

metarubricytes

44
Q

A red blood cell precursor, the last nucleated stage of red blood cell production

A

metarubricytes

45
Q

what is bone marrow doing in regenerative anemia

A

responding to the loss of blood

46
Q

regeneration signs are within _______ days from the cause of anemia

A

4 to 7 days

47
Q

red blood cells that are of different sizes

A

anisocytosis

48
Q

two ways to describe these red blood cells

A

polychromasia - more immature RBCs that what is considered normal

anisocytosis - RBCs of different sizes

49
Q

upper left and upper right abnormality

A

upper left: metarubricyte

upper right: Howell-Jolly body

50
Q

in which anemia is bone marrow unable to respond to blood loss

A

non regenerative anemia

51
Q

common cause of non regenerative anemia

A

Lack of erythropoiesis/ erythropoietin

52
Q

three ways that RBCs can be destroyed with hemolytic anemia

A

immune components attach to RBC&raquo_space;>

Macrophage: Extravascular hemolysis in spleen/liver/bone marrow

Antibodies: Intravascular hemolysis – (schistocytes)

53
Q

is hemolytic anemia usually regenerative or non regenerative

A

regenerative

54
Q

hemolytic anemia releases hemoglobin where

A

into the plasma

(hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria)

55
Q

hemolytic anemia can cause acute kidney injury because free hemoglobin is ________

A

nephrotoxic

56
Q

which class of anemia can cause high levels of bilirubin

A

hemolytic anemia

57
Q

Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) will show what on a Saline agglutination test

A

agglutination and destruction of RBCs

58
Q

what species is most effected by Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA)

A

Dogs 2 - 8 years old

59
Q

what is the prognosis for Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA)

A

guarded

30-40% will die even w/ aggressive treatment, relapses are common

60
Q

an immature RBC that has already lost its nucleus

A

polychromatophil

61
Q

spherical red blood cells without an area of central pallor and are usually slightly smaller in size than the average red cell

A

spherocyte

62
Q

what kind of anemia

A

Feline infectious anemia (FIA)

(can see microorganisms on blood film)

63
Q

most common cause of hemorrhagic anemia

A

trauma

64
Q

what happens to the MCHC with iron deficiency

A

it is low - hemoglobin is lost

65
Q

how long should iron be supplemented with an iron deficiency

A

30 - 60 days

66
Q

Hemoglobin concentration is dependent upon what

A

iron being present

67
Q

type of anemia in which the circulating red blood cells (RBCs) are the same size and have a normal red color

A

Normocytic anemia

68
Q

microcytic anemia is almost always from what

A

iron deficiency

69
Q

classification of hemoglobin:

Reduced hemoglobin concentration

Newly released polychromatic RBCs (Retics)

Iron deficiency

A

hypochromatic hemoglobin

70
Q

classification of hemoglobin:

Normal levels of hemoglobin

Most other types of anemia

A

Normochromic hemoglobin

71
Q

why is hyperchromatic hemoglobin not possible

A

RBCs have a fixed capacity for hemoglobin

Clin Path 2 - Unit 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions