LECTURE 7 cranial nerves

Question 1

description of cranial nerves

Answer 1

12 pairs (I-XII), numbered anterior to posterior based on attachment to inferior surface of brain, exit cranial cavity through foramina in skull

Question 2

mnemonic devise for remembering cranial nerve names

Answer 2

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet Ah Heaven

Question 3

names of cranial nerves in order

Answer 3

olfactory (I), optic (II), oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), trigeminal (V), abducens (VI), facial (VII), vestibulocochlear (VIII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), accessory (XI), hypoglossal (XII)

Question 4

types of nerve fibers in cranial nerves

Answer 4

visual sensory (sensory innervation of viscera, special: taste), somatic sensory (sensory innervation of outer party of body, special: hearing, equilibrium, vision, smell), visceral motor (innervation of smooth and cardiac muscle, glands), somatic motor (innervation of skeletal muscles (except pharyngeal arch muscle)

Question 5

mnemonic devise for remembering cranial nerve functions

Answer 5

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most (S=sensory, M=motor, B=both)

Question 6

3 branches of trigeminal cranial nerve (V)

Answer 6

ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), mandibular (V3)

Question 7

foramina for olfactory nerve I

Answer 7

olfactory foramina on cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Question 8

foramina for optic nerve II

Answer 8

optic canal of sphenoid bone

Question 9

foramina for oculomotor nerve III

Answer 9

superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

Question 10

foramina for trochlear nerve IV

Answer 10

superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

Question 11

foramina for ophthalmic nerve V1

Answer 11

enters superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone, exits supraorbital foramen

Question 12

foramina for maxillary nerve V2

Answer 12

enters foramen rotundum, inferior orbital fissure, exits infraorbital foramen

Question 13

foramina for mandibular nerve V3

Answer 13

exits through foramen ovale, into mandibular foramen, exits mental foramen

Question 14

foramina for abducens nerve VI

Answer 14

superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

Question 15

foramina for facial nerve VII

Answer 15

internal acoustic meatus, stylomastoid foramen

Question 16

foramina for vestibulocochlear nerve VII

Answer 16

internal acoustic meatus

Question 17

foramina for glossopharyngeal nerve IX

Answer 17

jugular foramen

Question 18

foramina for vagus nerve X

Answer 18

jugular foramen

Question 19

foramina for accessory nerve XI

Answer 19

jugular foramen, foramen magnum

Question 20

foramina for hypoglossal nerve XII

Answer 20

hypoglossal canal

Question 21

description of olfactory nerve

Answer 21

I, sensory nerve for smell, attaches to cerebrum (not brainstem), many nerve endings from 2 olfactory bulbs, pass through olfactory foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone to olfactory receptors in roof of nasal cavity

Question 22

description of optic nerve

Answer 22

II, sensory for vision, attaches to diencephalon (not brainstem), enters orbit through optic canal (its own foramen) of sphenoid bone

Question 23

description of oculomotor nerve

Answer 23

III, motor to 4 of 6 extrinsic skeletal muscles of eye (SR, IR, MR, IO), parasympathetic to smooth muscles controlling pupil and lens of eye, attaches to midbrain (brainstem), enters orbit through superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

Question 24

description of throchlear nerve

Answer 24

IV, motor to SO skeletal muscle of eye, attaches to midbrain (brainstem), enters orbit through superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

Question 25

description of trigeminal nerve

Answer 25

V, both sensory and motor (considering all 3 branches), attaches to pons (brainstem), innervates most of the skin of the face

Question 26

description of ophthalmic nerve

Answer 26

V1; sensory for cornea, nasal mucosa, face skin (forehead, eyelids, some of nose); attaches to pons (brainstem); enters orbit through superior orbital fissure, then exits orbit through supraorbital foramen/notch

Question 27

description of maxillary nerve

Answer 27

V2; sensory for skin of face (cheeks, upper lips, up towards forehead), oral cavity, teeth; attaches to pons (brainstem); passes through foramen rotundum, inferior orbital fissure, then exits through infraorbital foramen

Question 28

description of mandibular nerve

Answer 28

V3; motor for muscles of mastication; sensory for face skin (chin and up sides of face), teeth, anterior 2/3 tongue (general); attaches to pons (brainstem); exits cranial cavity through foramen ovale into the mandibular foramen and out the mental foramen

Question 29

description of abducens nerve

Answer 29

VI, motor to LR skeletal muscle of eye (turns eye away from midline), attaches to pons (brainstem), enters orbit through superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

Question 30

description of facial nerve

Answer 30

VII; sensory to anterior 2/3 tongue for taste, motor to muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic to mandibular and sublingual glands and lacrimal gland; attaches to pons (brainstem); exits cranial cavity through internal acoustic meatus, then exits skull through stylomastoid foramen; made up of 5 branches that spread across face

Question 31

description of vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 31

VIII, sensory to organs of hearing and equilibrium, attaches to pons (brainstem), enters inner ear through internal acoustic meatus

Question 32

description of glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 32

IX; motor to stylopharyngeus muscle (pharyngeal constrictor), sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue (general and taste) and pharynx, parasympathetic to parotid gland; attaches to medulla oblongata (brainstem); exits cranial cavity through jugular foramen

Question 33

description of vagus nerve

Answer 33

X; motor to pharynx and larynx, sensory to pharynx, larynx and abdominal organs, parasympathetic to thoracic and abdominal organs; attaches to medulla oblongata (brainstem); exits cranial cavity through jugular foramen; nicknamed the "wanderer" because its the only cranial nerve that runs caudal to the head and neck

Question 34

description of accessory nerve

Answer 34

XI, motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid musclese, attaches to medulla oblongata (brainstem), exits cranial cavity through jugular foramen, joined by a spinal segment passing into cranial cavity through foramen magnum

Question 35

description of hypoglossal nerve

Answer 35

XII, motor to tongue muscles, attaches to medulla oblongata (brainstem), exits cranial cavity through hypoglossal canal

Question 36

what cranial nerves provide parasympathetic innervation?

Answer 36

oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X)

Question 37

what nerves pass through superior orbital fissure?

Answer 37

oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), ophthalmic (V1), abducens (VI)

Question 38

what nerves innervate the tongue?

Answer 38

mandibular (V3), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX)