Lecture 7--forearm Cont

Question 0

What would you see if you had a fracture at the distal humerus and it severs, compresses or damages the median nerve?

Answer 0

The hand of benediction. They can partially flex digits 4 and 5, but their thumb and digits two and three are unable to flex.

Question 1

How do you get compartment syndrome

Answer 1

Thick antebrachial fascia helps pump blood in the veins back to the heart but this can cause compartment syndrome. Fascia limits the expansion and cuts off blood supply which impacts the nerve supply and impacts the muscles.

Question 2

What is the only muscle that does flexion at the dips

Answer 2

Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 3

How does an injured anterior interosseous nerve affect the thumb?

Answer 3

Flexor pollicis longus goes to the distal phalanx of the thumb. If you ask the patient to make the okay sign they will go pad to pad instead of tip to tip.

Question 4

What muscles allows us to flex the fingers independently of one another

Answer 4

Flexor digitorum supeficialis.

Question 5

All muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm are Innervated by what

Answer 5

The radial nerve, deep branch of radial nerve, superficial radial nerve, and posterior interosseous brwnch of the deep branch of the radial nerve.

Question 6

What is lateral epicondylitis known as

Answer 6

Tennis elbow

Question 7

What muscles do not cross the wrist of the extensors

Answer 7

Supinator and brachioradialis

Question 8

What is special about the brachioradialis

Answer 8

It does elbow flexion. It is rotated anteriorly and goes anterior to the elbow joint. This means that clinically if the musculocutaneous nerve is injured and you loose input to the anterior compartment of the arm, you can still have elbow flexion. If you lose your radial nerve you can still have elbow flexion due to the pronator teres.

Question 9

Tendons of the extensor Carpi radialis longus and brevis are covered by what muscles

Answer 9

Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

Question 10

What compartment are the extensor Carpi radialis longus and brevis deep to the extensor retinaculum

Answer 10

2nd compartment

Question 11

What muscle is medial to the extensor digitorum

Answer 11

Extensor digiti minimi

Question 12

What compartment is the extensor digitorum in

Answer 12

4th compartment

Question 13

What compartment is the extensor digiti minimi in

Answer 13

5th compartment

Question 14

What compartment is the ecu tendon in

Answer 14

6th compartment

Question 15

What passes between the heads of the supinator

Answer 15

The deep branch of the radial nerve

Question 16

What compartment is the tendon of abductor pollicis longus in

Answer 16

1st compartment

Question 17

What compartment is the extensor pollicis brevis tendon in

Answer 17

1st compartment

Question 18

What compartment is the extensor pollicis longus tendon in

Answer 18

3rd compartment

Question 19

What compartment is the extensor indices tendon in

Answer 19

4th compartment

Question 20

Descends deep to the pronator teres and then the fcu with the ulnar nerve.

Answer 20

Ulnar artery

Question 21

What are the three structures that go superficial to the flexor retinaculum

Answer 21

Ulnar nerve and artery as well as the palmaris longus.

Flexor Carpi ulnaris as well passes superficial and lateral

Question 22

Branches of the ulnar artery

Answer 22

Anterior ulnar collateral– going to inferior ulnar collateral
Posterior ulnar collateral– going to superior ulnar collateral.
Then becomes a common interosseous. It gives off a posterior and anterior interosseous artery as well as a common recurrent artery.
Dorsal and palmar branches

Question 23

What branches does the profunda brachii give off

Answer 23

Radial collateral (anterior)
Middle collateral (posterior)

Question 24

What does the anterior interosseous artery run with

Answer 24

The anterior interosseous nerve from the median nerve

Question 25

Descends deep to the brachioradialis and then sits on the posterior surface of the radius. Takes a superficial course and then leaves the forearm by winding around the lateral aspect of the wrist crossing the floor of the anatomical snuff box.

Answer 25

Radial artery

Question 26

Branches of the radial artery

Answer 26

Radial recurrent artery | Dorsal and palmar carpal branches.

Question 27

Superior ulnar collateral runs ____

Answer 27

Posterior to the medial epicondyle

Question 28

Inferior collateral artery runs ____

Answer 28

Anterior to the medial epicondyle

Question 29

Radial artery think___ | Ulnar artery think ___

Answer 29

Brachioradialis | Flexor Carpi ulnaris

Question 30

Descends from the medial aspect of the forearm in the subcutaneous tissue to the wrist

Answer 30

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

Question 31

The medial antebrachial nerve is sensory to..

Answer 31

The medial aspect of the forearm

Question 32

Termination of the musculocutaneous

Answer 32

Lateral antebrahial cutaneous nerve

Question 33

Emerges lateral to the biceps on the Brachialis, descends along the lateral border of the forearm. Once of the three structures we pick up around the snuffbox.

Answer 33

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

Question 34

What are the structures found in the snuff box

Answer 34

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous Superficial radial nerve Cephalic vein

Question 35

Runs next to the brachial artery. Passes between the heads of the pronator teres, descends deep to the FDS and passes deep to the flexor retinaculum through the carpal tunnel and into the hand.

Answer 35

Median nerve

Question 36

Carpal tunnel is caused by problems with what nerve

Answer 36

Median nerve

Question 37

Distribution of the median nerve

Answer 37

Motor to anterior portion of the forearm except FCU and half of FDP.

Question 38

Passes between the heads of the FCU, descends deep to the FCU, and passes superficially to the flexor retinaculum and into the hand.

Answer 38

Ulnar nerve

Question 39

Distribution of the ulnar nerve

Answer 39

Motor to FCU and half of FDP

Question 40

Radial nerve is by what structure

Answer 40

Lateral epicondyle it's anterior to the elbow joint

Question 41

Divides into the superficial and deep branches at the level of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

Answer 41

Radial nerve

Question 42

Course of the deep branch of the radial nerve

Answer 42

Winds around the neck of the radius between the heads of the supinator and then becomes the posterior interosseous nerve, enters the posterior compartment, and terminates as the posterior interosseous nerve that passes inferiorly between the superficial and deep muscle groups.

Question 43

The superficial radial nerve is deep to the

Answer 43

Brachioradialis in the distal 3rd of the forearm and then peaks itself superficially.

Question 44

Describe the course of the superficial radial nerve

Answer 44

The lateral antebrachial cutaneous runs with the cephalic vein and the superficial radial nerve is deep to the brachioradialis then peaks superficially towards the snuffbox.

Question 45

Distribution of the radial nerve

Answer 45

Motor to the posterior compartment muscles and sensory to the posterior aspect of the forearm.

Question 46

What are the structures that pass the flexor retinaculum

Answer 46

Superficial: palmaris longus, ulnar artery and nerve, FCU tendon Deep: carpal tunnel, compartment for the FCR tendon

Question 47

What does the carpal tunnel contain

Answer 47

Tendons of the FDS, FDP, FPL and the median nerve (9tendons in here)

Question 48

Boundaries of the snuffbox

Answer 48

Lateral: abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis Medial: extensor pollicis longus tendon.

Question 49

Contents of the snuffbox

Answer 49

Deep within the snuffbox is the radial artery. The cephalic vein is superficial as well as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, and superficial branch of the radial nerve.

Question 50

Describe the palmar aponeurosis

Answer 50

Continuous with the flexor retinaculum and the palmaris longus tendon. Located in the central part of the palm overlying the long flexor tendons. Inferiorly or distally forms 4 longitudinal bands that become continuous with what we have on our digits that are called fibrous digital sheaths.

Question 51

Extend from the medial border to the 5th metacarpal

Answer 51

Medial fibrous septum

Question 52

Extends from the lateral border to the 3rd metacarpal

Answer 52

Lateral fibrous septum

Question 53

Overlies the interossei and surrounds the adductor pollicis

Answer 53

Adductor interossei fascia

Question 54

What is dupuytren's contracture

Answer 54

Shortening and thickening of the palmar aponeurosis

Question 55

What are fibrous digital sheaths

Answer 55

They are continuous with the palmar aponeurosis. They extend from the head of the metacarpals to the bases of the distal phalanges. They attach along either side of the bones and create osseofibrous tunnels for our flexor tendons.

Question 56

What is trigger finger

Answer 56

Narrowing of the osseofibrous tunnels

Question 57

What tendons do the digital sheaths enclose

Answer 57

Digital sheaths 2-4 enclose FDS& FDP. digital sheath 1 encloses the FPL

Question 58

Triangular aponeurosis that wraps around the dorsum and sides of the metacarpal and proximal phalanx. Divides into a median band that passes to the base of the middle phalanx and two lateral bands that veer off that pass to the bad of the distal phalanx.

Answer 58

Extensor expansions.

Question 59

What do the extensor expansions do

Answer 59

Hold the extensor tendons in place.

Question 60

What is mallet finger

Answer 60

You tear the distal attachment of the dip and you get flexion at the dip.

Question 61

Where is the hood of the extensor expansion

Answer 61

Towards the mcp joint