Lecture 7: Mediation (alternative) Flashcards
(32 cards)
What does mediation analysis aim to explain?
How an IV affects a DV through a mediator
What is a direct effect in mediation?
IV to DV
What is an indirect effect in mediation?
IV to mediator to DV
What does full mediation indicate?
The IV-DV link becomes non-significant when the mediator is added
What does partial mediation indicate?
The IV-DV link weakens but remains when the mediator is added
Who developed the causal steps approach to mediation?
Baron and Kenny
What is Path A in mediation?
IV to mediator
What is Path B in mediation?
Mediator to DV
What is Path C in mediation?
Total effect of IV on DV
What is Path C′ in mediation?
Direct effect of IV on DV with mediator included
How is the indirect effect calculated?
A × B or C − C′
What test is traditionally used to assess indirect effects?
Sobel test
What is a key limitation of the causal steps approach?
Low statistical power
What assumption does the Sobel test make?
Normal distribution of the indirect effect
Is a significant Path C required for mediation?
No
What technique is preferred for testing mediation?
Bootstrapping
What does bootstrapping use to determine significance?
Confidence intervals
When is an indirect effect considered significant in bootstrapping?
When CI does not include zero
Why is bootstrapping more powerful than causal steps?
It has higher statistical power
What sample size can detect small mediation effects in bootstrapping?
462 participants
What software macro is used for bootstrapping in SPSS?
PROCESS macro
Who developed the PROCESS macro?
Andrew Hayes
What type of mediator is required in the PROCESS macro?
Continuous
What types of mediation models can PROCESS handle?
Parallel and serial mediators
